Term Writing Project: Formats for citing and referencing your sources
Nats101 Section 41, 42
Spring 2009
Clear and consistent citation and referencing allows your
reader to follow your argument and to see how well it is backed up by prior
research. There are many different ways to properly cite and reference
your sources. For this term writing assignment, use the following
formats for citing and referencing your sources of information.
Use in-text citations to support statements that are not common
knowledge and any quotes you might use. If you have one or two authors, give
their last names and the publication year as your citation, in
parentheses. An example might be (Johnson,
2002) or (Smith & Jones, 2007). If you have 3 or
more authors, use “et al.” after the first author, as in (Liu
et al., 2000).
For example, here's a paragraph with parenthetical citations:
Atmospheric CO2
concentration records are now available from ice cores such as that taken at
Law Dome in
References Cited
Etheridge,
D.M., Steele, L.P., Langenfelds, R.L., Francey, R.J., Barnola, J.-M. &
Morgan V.I. (1998). Historical CO2 records from the Law Dome DE08, DE08-2 and
DSS ice cores. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Centre, Oak Ridge National
Laboratory, US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, USA.
Keeling,
C.D., Mook, W.G. & Tans, P.P. (1979). Recent trends in the 13C/12C ratio of
atmospheric dioxide. Nature, 277, 121-123.
Tans,
P.P. (2006). Interhemispheric comparison of CO2 concentrations in the NOAA
flask network. Journal of Geophysical Research, 88, 16417-17425.
First Author’s last name, First and Second Initial., & Second Author’s last name, First and Second Initial. (Year). Title italicized. Publication location: Publishing company.
Example:
Gonzalez, A., & Norwine,
J. (1998). The New
§ Article or chapter in a book with an editor:
Author’s (of article or chapter) last name, First and
Second Initial. (Year). Title of article or chapter. In Editor’s First
and Second initial and last name (Ed.) Title of book italicized.
(page numbers). Publication location: Publishing company.
Example:
Ong. W. J. (9182). Oral Remembering and
Narrative Structures.In D. Tannen (Ed.), Analyzing
Discourse: Text and Talk. (pp. 12 - 24).
Author’s last name, First and Second Initial., Author’s last name, First and Second Initial., & Author’s last name, First and Second Initial. (Year). Article title. Journal title, volume number italicized(issue number), page numbers.
Example:
White, S., Winzelberg, A., & Norlin, J. (1992). Laughter and stress. Humor, 5(3), 343-55.
Author’s last name, First and Second Initial. (Year,
Month Date). Article title. Journal title, volume number (if given)
italicized, page numbers.
Example:
Stein,
J. (2003 Aug. 4). Just say om. Time, 162,
48-57.
Author's Last Name,
Initial(s). (Date of document). Title of document. Title of complete work [if
applicable]. (Edition or revision [if applicable]). Protocol and address, or
name of database and database publisher (Access path or directories or document
or file number). (Date of access).
Specific referencing styles for online sources are:
Trupe, A.L. (2002).
Academic literacy in a wired world: Redefining genres for college writing
courses. Kairos: Rhetoric, Technology, Pedagogy, 7(2).
http://english.ttu.edu/kairos/ (7 June 2006).
American Chemical
Society. (2006). Chemistry.org.
http://www.chemistry.org/portal/a/c/s/1/home.html (24 Mar. 2006).
Burman,
S., & Allen-Meares, P. (1994). Neglected
victims of murder: Children’s witness to parental homicide. Social Work,
39(1), 28-34. Academic Search Premier. EbscoHost. (AN #9403302574). (25
July 2006).
CBS News. (2006, January
16). MLK Jr.’s legacy [Video]. CBS Evening News. http://www.cbsnews.com
(Keyword: Videos/MLK) (24 Mar. 2006).
For files without titles, use the file name instead.
press-image4.jpg
[Graphic]. http://universe.nasa.gov/images/press-image4.jpg (27 Mar. 2006).
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