GC170A1
Sect 01, 02
Introduction to Global Change
Final
Exam Study Guide
Exam
Date/Location-
3:30am-5:30pm, Friday May 4, room 308 Space Sciences
Exam composition-
100 M/C questions
About 50% from material from first half of class and 50% from material since midterm, but because of wide range of topics it is difficult to give the exact apportionment
Material-
All lecture material
ALL readings in syllabus (textbooks and other readings).
All Group Activities
All writing activities
What to study-
In addition to the readings and your own lecture notes, the writing activities, sample quizzes, actual quizzes, midterm study guide and midterm exam, plus the “class notes” summary of each lecture provided by Prof. Leavitt should be helpful.
Terminology
(For pre-midterm, see midterm study guide)
Post-midterm=
Montreal Protocol primary pollutant “missing” carbon sink
Kyoto Protocol VOCs (a.k.a. HCs) carbon cycle
Ozone hole temperature inversion carbon source
Landfill Green Revolution carbon sink
pH scale soil horizon flux
eutrophication soil erosion/degradation invasive species
radiative forcing carrying capacity phenology
global warming potential (GWP) population “pyramid” iridium anomaly
secondary pollutant land-use change “Bucky balls”/fullerenes
Biome primary productivity biomass
Tipping point “peak oil” litter
Reservoir kerogen “rule of 70”
Carbonate CFCs/halons fuelwood
Acid deposition buffering estuary
Biotic components abiotic components biomass
Biodiversity ruminant temperature inversion
Biometric measurements ozone carbonic acid
Isoprenes/terpenes trophic level primary producer/primary consumer/secondary consumer
Autotroph/heterotrophy point source (of pollution) energy/trophic level pyramids
Photosynthesis respiration catalytic converter
Cap & trade sequestration photovoltaic
Concepts (For pre-midterm, see midterm study guide)
Post-midterm=
How tropospheric ozone is different from stratospheric ozone
Measures taken to reduce ozone hole (i.e., restore tropospheric ozone)
Why is pH of “acid rain” considered less than about 5.2 to 5.5, when anything below pH=7 is acid?
How has “cap and trade” been successful in reducing SO2 emissions?
Even if all SO2 emissions could be eliminated, why would acid rain still exist?
What are sources of CO2 into the atmosphere? N2O? CH4?
How could trees possibly be implicated in pollution?
What contributes to eutrophication and what are the consequences of eutrophication?
What are limitations of the “Green Revolution”?
What are consequences of soil degradation (mainly erosion)?
What human activities contribute to soil degradation?
What is temperate deforestation (as opposed to tropical deforestation)?
What are motives for tropical deforestation?
What is the value of tropical rain forests?
How can a population profile (pyramid) indicate whether a population is likely to increase rapidly or not?
Are fossil-fuel CO2 emissions very small compared to natural inputs to the atmosphere? So what?
How are the nitrogen and carbon cycles related?
Why won’t world population continue to increase indefinitely?
What is current CO2 concentration? Is it the highest ever?
Is CO2 and air pollutant?
How is “seasonal biosphere” related to the changes in atmospheric CO2?
Why hasn’t the rise of CO2 over the last 50 years been constant from one year to the next?
Compared to the Earth’s “natural” radiation budget involving 345 W/m2 around our planet, how much of an effect does radiative forcing by greenhouse gases exert? (F14.55 Mackenzie)
What are dominant forms of carbon in the various reservoirs of the global carbon cycle?
How might global change affect invasive species?
What has caused massive extinctions during geologic time?
What factors influence productivity of biomes?
What types of terrestrial and marine biomes are highly productive?
Why is the biomass in oceans so much less than on land?
Give an example of how carbon in soils and plants differ among biomes?
Figures from
Mackenzie text that were emphasized in the lectures (either in the exact form
they appear in the text, or a similar figure from another source)-
F9.1, F9.4, F8.7, F9.10, F9.14, F9.20, F10.1, F10.3, F10.13, F10.17, F10.21, F10.23, F10.26, F10.29a, F11.1, F11.2, F11.3, F11.7, F11.12, F11.17, F12.2, F12.3, F12.9, F12.10, F12.11, F12.13, F12.20, F12.21, F13.13, F14.7, F14.11, F14.21, F14.40, F14.52, F14.55, F14.57, F14.58, F14.61, F14.64, F14.65, F14.71, F7.3, F7.4, F7.5, F6.11, F6.12, F6.17, F6.18,
Table 7.1
Handsome
figures/discussion from Mann/Kump book-
p. 94-97, p. 104-105, p. 112-121, p. 139, p. 142-143, p. 161, p. 175