NATS-101 Sect. 41, 42 Ersatz Quiz 6
FOR M/C SELECT SINGLE
BEST ANSWER AMONG CHOICES
The quiz will cover lecture material from April 19
through 28 (approximately corresponding to readings in syllabus from April
5-23)
___1. Which of the soil horizons in western states is
characterized by accumulation of calcium carbonate (and usually clay and iron
oxides as well)?
A. A-horizon C.
C-horizon E. unweathered parent material
B. B-horizon D.
O- litter
___2.
Living trees contribute naturally to tropospheric
pollution (specifically photochemical smog) by their emission of which of the
following?
A. oxygen B.
CO2 C.
ozone D.
VOC's
___3. In
the _________ NOx promotes formation of
ozone, but in the ___________ NOx promotes
destruction of ozone.
A. troposphere, stratosphere C. stratosphere,
troposphere
B. lithosphere, troposphere D. stratosphere,
hydrosphere
___4. Which of the
following would not be a consequence of loss of topsoil?
A. loss of productivity C. greater effects of
drought E. greater difficulty
in tilling
B.
more water runoff D.
increased carbon storage
___5. In
general, over the past 4 decades acid rain in the Northeast is dominated by (2) , whereas acid rain in the West is
more likely derived from (2)
A. (1) nitric acid, (2) carbonic acid C. (1)
sulfuric acid, (2) nitric acid
B. (1) carbonic acid, (2) sulfuric acid D. (1) nitric
acid, (2) sulfuric acid
___6. During fossil-fuel
combustion, which of the following pollutants originates nearly completely from
the composition of the air rather than from the composition of fossil fuels?
A. particulates C.
carbon monoxide E.
sulfur dioxide
B. VOC's D.
nitrogen oxides F.
ozone
___7. "Pure" rain
has a pH of about 5.6, but is not “acid rain”.
This pH, below the neutral pH of 7, is caused mainly by____.
A. lactic acid B.
carbonic acid C. nitric
acid D. sulfuric
acid
___8. After chlorine (Cl)-containing gases, which of the following contributes
most to destruction of stratospheric ozone?
A. N2 B.
NOx C.
helium D. argon
___9. Which of the following is a primary
pollutant (ie, it comes right out of a tailpipe or
smokestack)?
A. sulfuric acid B.
ozone C.
carbon monoxide D. nitric acid
___10. Auto emissions
testing is primarily geared at certifying removal of (1) from auto exhaust to reduce the formation of tropospheric ozone, whereas catalytic converters are geared
to remove (2)______ from the exhaust.
A. (1) VOCs, NOx, Cl (2) SO2, sunlight, CO C. (1) VOCs, CO,
particulates (2) VOCs, NOx, CO
B. (1) VOCs, SO2, CO (2) SO2, VOCs, CO D.
(1) VOCs, NOx, CO (2) VOCs, CO
___11. In the
troposphere, a major reason that ozone is a problem is that it .
A. leaches nutrients from the soil D.
causes kidney disease and neurological impairment
B. irritates respiratory membranes E.
all of the above
C. kills aquatic organisms with low pH
___12. The 3 main causes
of soil degradation worldwide are _____________.
A. overwatering D.
overgrazing G.
B, C, D
B. deforestation E.
waste pollutants H.
C, D, E
C. agriculture F. A, B,
C I.
A, C, E
___13. _____ has the
greatest global warming potential (GWP).
A. CH4 B. N2O C. CO2 D. CO
___14. Which of the following is NOT a
natural event impacting soils?
A- landslides B- drought C- agriculture D-
glaciers
___15. Which factors have contributed to
increased agricultural production during the Green Revolution in the mid
1900's?
A-irrigation B-new crop stains C-herbicides and
pesticides D-all
of the above
___16. Which is an anthropogenic source
of CO2?
A-rice patties B-industry C-feedlots D-all
of the above
___17. Eutrophication is the ___ of
nutrients in aquatic system that lead dieback of of plants and algae to ____
the oxygen concentration of the water.
A-decrease, reduce B-loss, increase C-decrease, increase D-excess, reduce
___18. Which of the following is NOT an
anthropogenic activity impacting soils?
A-subsidence B-logging C-wells D-mining
Match terms from the following list to the descriptions in #19-23 below.
A. global warming potential (GWP) B.
horizon C.
Green Revolution D. Lake Chad
E. auto emissions testing F.
eutrophication G.
catalytic converter H. Aral Sea
19. Methane production is associated with ____________________.
20. The process whereby algal “overgrowth” is promoted from excess
nutrients in aquatic systems is ________________.
21. NOx gases can be eliminated after
fossil-fuel combustion by ___________________.
22. Build up of salts and pesticides during an ambitious economic
project to bring cotton production into
23. NOx + unburned hydrocarbons + sunlight
interact to promote the formation of photochemical ______________.
24. If we could use sulfur-free coal, or scrub all of the
SO2 from the smokestacks before it entered the atmosphere, would we
eliminate acid rain? Explain.
25.
In the following sequence of land-use changes, how would you expect soil
erosion to change (in other words, what would be the history of rates of soil
erosion over this period of time)? (you are welcome to
make a graph, but you must explain it)
natural forest (before 1900)
=> conversion to farm (1900) => farm abandonment (1940)
=> urbanization (1965)
26. The solution to pollution is ____________. (answer
and explanation)
27. What are the primary gases contributing to radiative forcing, i.e., the enhanced greenhouse effect?
28.
What is a “temperature inversion” and how does it affect pollution?
29.
Why is tropospheric ozone "bad"?
30.
What problems would increased UV cause if the stratospheric ozone layer was
significantly depleted?
31. What is the “Green Revolution”?