NATS-101 Sect. 41, 42 Ersatz Quiz 6
FOR M/C SELECT SINGLE
BEST ANSWER AMONG CHOICES
The quiz will cover lecture material from April 20
through 29 (and corresponding readings on April 8-20)
___1. Which of the soil horizons in western states is characterized
by accumulation of calcium carbonate (and usually clay and iron oxides as
well)?
A. A-horizon C.
C-horizon E.
unweathered parent material
B. B-horizon D.
O- litter
___2. Living
trees contribute naturally to tropospheric pollution (specifically
photochemical smog) by their emission of which of the following?
A. oxygen B.
CO2 C.
ozone D.
VOC's
___3. In the
_________ NOx promotes formation of ozone, but in the ___________ NOx
promotes destruction of ozone.
A. troposphere, stratosphere C. stratosphere, troposphere
B. lithosphere, troposphere D. stratosphere,
hydrosphere
___4. Which of the following would not be a
consequence of loss of topsoil?
A. loss of productivity C. greater effects of
drought E. greater difficulty
in tilling
B. more
water runoff D.
increased carbon storage
___5. In
general, over the past 4 decades acid rain in the Northeast is dominated by (2) , whereas acid rain in the West
is more likely derived from (2)
.
A. (1) nitric acid, (2) carbonic acid C. (1)
sulfuric acid, (2) nitric acid
B. (1) carbonic acid, (2) sulfuric acid D. (1) nitric
acid, (2) sulfuric acid
___6. During fossil-fuel
combustion, which of the following pollutants originates nearly completely from
the composition of the air rather than from the composition of fossil fuels?
A.
particulates C.
carbon monoxide E.
sulfur dioxide
B.
VOC's D.
nitrogen oxides F.
ozone
___7. "Pure" rain has
a pH of about 5.6, but is not “acid rain”.
This pH, below the neutral pH of 7, is caused mainly by____.
A.
lactic acid B.
carbonic acid C. nitric
acid D. sulfuric
acid
___8. Of the following, which
contributes most to destruction of stratospheric ozone?
A.
N2 B. NOx C. helium D. argon
___9. Which of the following is a primary
pollutant (ie, it comes right out of a tailpipe or smokestack)?
A.
sulfuric acid B. ozone C. carbon
monoxide D. nitric acid
___10. Auto emissions testing is
primarily geared at certifying removal of (1) from auto exhaust to reduce the formation of
tropospheric ozone, whereas catalytic converters are geared to remove (2)______
from the exhaust.
A.
(1) VOCs, NOx, Cl
(2) SO2, sunlight, CO C.
(1) VOCs, CO, particulates (2) VOCs, NOx,
CO
B. (1)
VOCs, SO2, CO
(2) SO2, VOCs, CO
D. (1) VOCs, NOx,
CO (2) VOCs, CO
___11. In the troposphere, a
major reason that ozone is a problem is that it .
A.
leaches nutrients from the soil D.
causes kidney disease and neurological impairment
B.
irritates respiratory membranes E.
all of the above
C.
kills aquatic organisms with low pH
___12. The 3 main causes of soil
degradation worldwide are _____________.
A. overwatering D.
overgrazing G.
B, C, D
B.
deforestation E.
waste pollutants H.
C, D, E
C. agriculture F.
A, B, C I.
A, C, E
___13. _____ has the greatest
global warming potential (GWP).
A. CH4 B. N2O C.
CO2 D. CO
Match
terms from the following list to the descriptions in #14-18 below.
A.
global warming potential (GWP) B.
horizon C.
Green Revolution D. Lake Chad
E.
auto emissions testing F.
eutrophication G.
catalytic converter H. Aral Sea
14.
Methane production is associated with ____________________.
15.
The process whereby algal “overgrowth” is promoted from excess nutrients in
aquatic systems is ________________.
16.
NOx gases can be eliminated after fossil-fuel combustion by
___________________.
17.
Build up of salts and pesticides during an ambitious economic project to bring
cotton production into
18.
NOx + unburned hydrocarbons + sunlight interact to promote the formation of
photochemical ______________.
19. If we could use sulfur-free coal, or scrub all of the
SO2 from the smokestacks before it entered the atmosphere, would we
eliminate acid rain? Explain.
20.
In the following sequence of land-use changes, how would you expect soil
erosion to change (in other words, what would be the history of rates of soil
erosion over this period of time)? (you are welcome to
make a graph, but you must explain it)
natural forest (before 1900) => conversion
to farm (1900) => farm abandonment (1940) => urbanization
(1965)
21.
The solution to pollution is ____________. (answer and
explanation)
22. What are the primary gases contributing to radiative
forcing, i.e., the enhanced greenhouse effect?
23. What is
a “temperature inversion” and how does it affect pollution?
24. Why is
tropospheric ozone "bad"?
25.
What problems would increased UV cause if the stratospheric ozone layer was
significantly depleted?
26. What is the “Green Revolution”?