NATS-101 Sect. 30, 31h Ersatz Quiz 6

FOR M/C SELECT SINGLE BEST ANSWER AMONG CHOICES

The quiz will cover lecture material from April 17 to 26 (301-340, 343-380, 466-483, of Mackenzie)

____1. Living trees contribute naturally to tropospheric pollution (specifically photochemical smog) by their emission of which of the following?

A. oxygen B. CO₂ C. ozone D. VOC's E. CO

____2. In the _________ NO_x promotes formation of ozone, but in the ___________ NO_x promotes destruction of ozone.

A. troposphere, stratosphere C. stratosphere, troposphere

B. lithosphere, troposphere D. stratosphere, hydrosphere

____3. In general, over the past 4 decades acid rain in the Northeast is dominated by (2) , whereas acid rain in the West is more likely derived from (2) .

A. (1) nitric acid, (2) carbonic acid C. (1) sulfuric acid, (2) nitric acid

B. (1) carbonic acid, (2) sulfuric acid D. (1) nitric acid, (2) sulfuric acid

____4. "Pure" rain has a pH of about 5.6, but is not “acid rain”. This pH, below the neutral pH of 7, is caused mainly by____.

A. lactic acid B. carbonic acid C. nitric acid D. sulfuric acid

____5. Which of the following is a primary pollutant (ie, it comes right out of a tailpipe or smokestack)?

A. sulfuric acid B. ozone C. carbon monoxide D. nitric acid

____6. During fossil-fuel combustion, which of the following pollutants originates nearly completely from the composition of the air rather than from the composition of fossil fuels?

A. particulates C. carbon monoxide E. sulfur dioxide

B. VOC's D. nitrogen oxides F. ozone

7. Auto emissions testing is primarily geared at certifying removal of (1) from auto exhaust to reduce the formation of tropospheric ozone, whereas catalytic converters are geared to remove (2)______ from the exhaust.

A. (1) VOCs, NO_x, Cl (2) SO₂, sunlight, CO C. (1) VOCs, CO, particulates (2) VOCs, NO_x, CO

B. (1) VOCs, SO₂, CO (2) SO₂, VOCs, CO D. (1) VOCs, NO_x, CO (2) VOCs, CO

8. Of the following, which contributes most to destruction of stratospheric ozone?

A. N₂ B. NO_x C. helium D. argon E. CO₂

9. In the troposphere, a major reason that ozone is a problem is that it .

A. leaches nutrients from the soil D. causes kidney disease and neurological impairment

B. irritates respiratory membranes E. all of the above

C. kills aquatic organisms with low pH

____10. The future allocation of water from the Colorado River to several southwestern states and Mexico may run into a serious problem related to _____.

A. dams built on Colo. R. since 1920 C. tree rings revealed average flow of Colo. R. much lower than thought

B. the endangered Colo. R. Snail Darter D. the first rights to water may be exercised by agricultural interests

11. The solution to pollution is ____________. (answer and explanation)

12. If we could use sulfur-free coal, or scrub all of the SO₂ from the smokestacks before it entered the atmosphere, would we eliminate acid rain? Explain.

13. What is a “negative feedback” in the context the enhanced greenhouse effect? (SO₂ emissions could be negative feedback)

14. What are the primary gases contributing to radiative forcing, i.e., the enhanced greenhouse effect?

15. What is a “temperature inversion” and how does it affect pollution?

16. Why is tropospheric ozone "bad"?

17. What problems would increased UV cause if the stratospheric ozone layer was significantly depleted?

18. What are some of the potential negative outcomes of global warming?