The actual quiz will end at 12:15pm on Friday, followed by GA5. If you are late, you may not be able to finish quiz

1-D

2-A

3-C

4-B

5-C

6-D

7-C

8-B

9-B

10-C

11- The solution to pollution is "DILUTION". Architects and engineers dealing with outflows of water- or air-borne pollution came up with designs that would assist in more rapidly mixing the pollutions stream with clean air(or water). Hence very tall smokestacks are built for power plants and smelters to help the polluted air mix with the cleaner air higher above the surface. Dilution does result, but frequently the problem is just transferred to some locality downwind.

12. the primary pollutant SO2 (converted to the secondary pollutant sulfuric acid) is not the only contribution to acid rain (more correctly, "acid precipitation"). If all SO2 was removed from the pollution stream, there are plenty of sources of the primary pollutant NOx (to form nitric acid as secondary pollutant) throughout the US to make acid rain.

13. A "negative feedback" counteracts the effects of some initial change or process. For example, rising CO2 will result in greater radiative forcing (greenhouse effect) that will increase temperatures; higher temperatures will result in more evaporation from the surface of our water planet, then water vapor can contribute to more cloud formation, bright white clouds will have a greater ability to reflect incoming solar radiation directly back to space, and consequently the additional clouds would contribute to cooling of the atmosphere, thereby counteracting the initial influence of CO2. ( A "positive feedback" will reinforce the initial change or process.)

14. CO2, CH4, NOx, CFCs (“others” would include SO2, O3)

15. "normally" temperature decreases as you go upward in the troposphere. An "inversion" is opposite to the norm, and temperature increases as you go upward (ie, warm air overlies cold air). Temperature inversions represent extremely stable atmospheric conditions in which vertical movement is inhibited (inversions act like a lid keeping in pollution), thereby preventing air close to the ground (where pollution originates) from mixing with cleaner air above. (The stratosphere is highly stable because temperature increases as you go upward in that layer).

16. Strong oxidizer: Damage to sensitive lungs and respiratory system, degrading of materials made of rubber (gaskets, tires, belts, electrical cords, etc)

17. higher incidence of melanoma (skin cancer) and cataracts in humans, damage to autotrophs (reductions of productivity, damage to DNA)

18. increase in temperature with greater increases at high latitudes, redistribution of precipitation, melting of glaciers and ice caps, sea-level rise (hundreds of millions of people live in cities along the coast), etc