NATS-101
Sect. 31, 45H Fanciful
Quiz 5
FOR M/C SELECT SINGLE
BEST ANSWER AMONG CHOICES
The quiz will cover lecture material from April 4 to
April 15 (p. 265-297, p. 301-313, p.
32-36 of Mackenzie)
___1. Which of
the soil horizons in western states is characterized by accumulation of calcium
carbonate (and usually clay and iron oxides as well)?
A. A-horizon C.
C-horizon E. unweathered parent material
B. B-horizon D.
O- litter
2.
Deforestation not only takes place in tropical rain forests, but it has taken
place in temperate forests as well, of which deforestation of in the 1800s is a good example.
A. Florida and the
B.
___3. Which of the following would not be a consequence of loss
of topsoil?
A. loss of productivity C. greater effects of
drought E. greater difficulty
in tilling
B. more water runoff D. increased carbon
storage
___4. Which of
the following is a form of "chemical" degradation (not
"loss") of soils?
A. water logging B.
water erosion C. excess
fertilizers D. wind erosion
5. Which of the following would likely result in a decrease
in both short-term and long-term soil erosion?
A. conversion of forest to farm C. abandonment of farm
B. conversion of grassland to farm D. initial construction of shopping center
___6. Which of
the following is not a serious
reason for tropical rainforest deforestation?
A. debt repayment C.
resettlement E.
removal of invasive tree species
B. fuelwood D.
international logging
7. Which of the following terms would you use to
designate human-related activities such as mining or fossil-fuel
burning?
A. anthropomorphic C.
anthropogenic E.
refugia
B. homomorphic D.
eutrophic
8.
The work of Phillips and others (in Science)
on biomass in tropical forests as determined from stem-size measurements of
mature trees from permanent plots in humid tropic forests indicated ______________________________
since the 1960s.
A. neotropics forests were
increasing biomass C.
neotropics and paleotropics
forests were increasing biomass
B. paleotropics forests were
increasing biomass D. neotropics
and paleotropics forests were decreasing biomass
____9. The relative percentages of sand, silt and clay present
in soils is used for determining ______, which tells us the general
suitability of soils for agriculture.
A. specific surface B. cation
exchange capacity C.
textural classification D.
horizons
____10. Tropical rainforest tend to have most of their
nutrients in (1)____, whereas temperate forests have
most nutrients in (2)____.
A.(1) litter, (2) canopy B.(1)
soils, (2) plants C. (1)
plants, (2) soils D.
(1) insects, (2) plants
____11. What event has recently been suggested as having
prevented us (Planet Earth) from already re-entering the next ice age between
5000 and 8000 years ago?
A. the eruption of Krakatoa C.
development of agriculture
B. forest fires in the
12.
What is CEC and why is it important to soils?
13. The
14.
What is the “Green Revolution” and what are the elements (in other words, the activities
or mechanisms) that promoted its success?
Will the Green Revolution successfully continue into the future all over
the globe? Explain.
15.
Explain the “missing sink” problems using the following numbers: uptake by oceans= 2.2 GtC,
increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations= 3.3 GtC,
fossil-fuel input= 6 GtC, and input from tropical
land-use change= 1-1.5 GtC.
16.
In the following sequence of land-use changes, how would you expect soil
erosion to change (in other words, what would be the history of rates of soil
erosion over this period of time)? (you are welcome to
make a graph, but you must explain it)
natural forest (before 1900) => conversion
to farm (1900) => farm abandonment (1940) => urbanization
(1965)