NATS-101 Intro. to Global Change Fake Quiz 4 FOR M/C SELECT BEST ANSWER AMONG
CHOICES
The quiz will cover
lecture material from March 21-30 (and corresponding readings Mar. 2 through
25)
___1. The seasonal
fluctuations in atmospheric CO2 measurements are generated from
photosynthesis and respiration of Earth's biosphere. You would find the greatest amplitude of
fluctuation (i.e. greatest difference between high and low concentration during
a year) ______________________.
A. at the equator B.
at the South Pole C. in Alaska D. in Australia E. everywhere; it is uniform world-wide
___2. The current
atmospheric CO2 concentration is ________________.
A. around 392 ppm C. the lowest it has
ever been
B. the highest it has ever been D.
around 8 Gigatons
___3. Evidence that the (most)
massive extinction 250 million years ago at the Permian-Triassic Age boundary
may have been caused by a meteorite/asteroid impact comes from the presence of
______ in sedimentary rocks of that age.
A. iridium anomalies C.
“Bucky Balls” containing gases of extraterrestrial isotopic composition
B. nickel anomalies D.
cone-in-cone structures in dinosaur bones
___4. About _______% of mass/energy is transferred
from one trophic level to the next level above it.
A. 0 B. 10 C.
90 D.
100
___5. As a result of #4,
more people can be fed if they eat _______ directly.
A. secondary consumers B.
primary producers C.
primary consumers D. abiotic components
___6. The 38,000 Gt of carbon in the marine hydrosphere (ocean) is
dominantly found in which one of these forms/compounds?
A. kerogen B.
limestone C. CH2O D.
HCO3- E.
CH4
___7. One of the human-related threats to coral
reefs is decreasing _____ of the ocean because of increasing atmospheric CO2.
A. temperature B.
salinity C.
pH D.
bicarbonate
___8. Which one of
the following is not a pool/reservoir/box in the global carbon cycle? (it
is a flux)
A. oceans B.
biosphere C.
respiration D.
atmosphere
___9. Which of the
following is NOT a mechanism whereby humans input the greenhouse gas, CO2,
to the atmosphere?
A. calcining (cement manufacture) B. fossil-fuel burning C. land-use changes D.
nuclear power plants
___10. In the late-1950s,
_____ established the first continuous world monitoring of atmospheric CO2
levels (at Mauna Loa) producing perhaps “the most important graph of the 20th
Century”.
A. Suess B.
Malthus C.
Ehrlich D.
Keeling E.
Fuller
___11. Which of the
following would be a renewable energy resource (in terms of the
perspective of human lifetimes)?
A. coal B. oil C. natural gas D. ethanol/alcohol E. uranium
___12. The flux that
transfers CO2 from the atmosphere to the terrestrial biosphere is _________________.
A. respiration B. dissolution C. combustion D. photosynthesis
____13.
Invasive grasses in the US Southwest are expected to expand because of
future global change. One of the big
problems with these grasses is that they _______ that kill native species.
A.
produce poisons B. form
creeping vines C. support wildfires D. repel
pollinators
____14. The study of recurring biological phases such as budbreak, flowering, migration, etc. is _______.
A. Circadian rhythms B. phasing C. bio-obs D. phenology
____15. In the Amazon rain forest, the biggest limitation to
plant growth is commonly _________.
A. light B. beavers C. water D. temperature
16. What are 4 large reservoirs (pools) in the carbon cycle?
17. What are “land-use changes” in the context of this class?
18. Tropical rain forests and savannas have similar amounts of total dry
organic matter (DOM) yet they look very different. How does DOM distribution
differ between biomass and dead organic matter in these 2 biomes?
19. Why is the biomass in the oceans about 200 times greater than that
in the ocean, even though they have similar annual productivity?
20. What is an invasive species?
Give an example of one.
21. What is the cause of the seasonal pattern of maxima and minima in
CO2 concentrations every year?
22. What is an estuary? Are
estuaries and coral reef high productivity or low productivity aquatic biomes?
23. How could recent and projected global changes cause both an increase
and a decrease in malaria?
24. What are “biotic” and “abiotic” components
of biological systems (ecosystems)?
25. What is net primary production?
26. How do C3 and C4 plants (grasses) differ?