1-C (respiration is flux, not pool)
2-D
3-C
4-D (ethanol can be produce from
corn, soybeans or other plants, so we can "grow" it every year)
5-C
6-C (high latitude, N. Hemisphere)
7-B
8-D
9-A
10-A
11-D (HCO3- is the most abundant
dissolved carbon species in the ocean, although there are other dissolved
species including CO3--, and dissolved CO2)
12-D
13-C
14. There is a relatively “new”
large flux from lithosphere to atmosphere in the amount of about 6 GtC per year currently from fossil-fuel combustion and calcining. This flux
only started about 200 years ago with the dawn of the Industrial Revolution.
This extra 6 GtC is then taken up by several sinks,
some of which we are certain (that retained by the atmosphere and that which is
going into the ocean), and others of which we are less certain (biosphere,
soils)
15. one way:
Photosynthesis is the main component of primary production, and it requires the
C from CO2 as a primary nutrient, but productivity also requires other
nutrients such as N. Thus primary
production is a major sink for N and C in their respective biogeochemical
cycles.
a second way: when fossil fuels are
combusted they contain lots of C, but they also contain some N. Both will go into the atmosphere when the
fuel is burned
16. 70/3.5= 20 years ("rule of
70")
17. immigration
(legal or illegal)
18. conversion of natural ecosystems
to other uses such as urban areas (urbanization) or transportation (roads) or
reservoirs behind dams (energy, water storage, etc) THIS TOPIC COULD BE ON THE
QUIZ IF WE GET THIS FAR IN LECTURE
19. Most of the organic matter in tropical rain forests is in living plant parts (wood, leaves, roots), whereas most of the organic matter in savannas is in dead organic matter of soils and litter.