GC170A1
Make-Believe Quiz 3
FOR M/C SELECT SINGLE
BEST ANSWER AMONG CHOICES
The
quiz will cover lecture material from Feb. 15 through Feb. 29 inclusive (and associated
material from texts, up to Cryosphere readings of
Feb. 22 in the syllabus plus Eilperin reading and
Murray & King reading (maybe some sea level topic, Feb. 27 syllabus
readings).
1. The process whereby nutrient-rich deep waters rise to
the surface and support a flourishing shallow-water food web along the west
coast of South America is known as _____.
A. Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) C. El Niño E. tides
B. thermohaline circulation D.
upwelling F. Gulf
Stream
2. The base of food webs (chains) are composed of (1)______ that capture solar energy by (2) .
A. (1) herbivores, (2) eating C. (1) plants, (2) albedo E. (1) plants, (2)
photosynthesis
B. (1) carnivores, (2) eating D. (1) plants, (2)
upwelling
3. During the Younger Dryas
event, thermohaline circulation may have been shut
down by which of these mechanisms?
A. increased ocean biomass C. input of
glacial meltwater from
B. massive biomass extinction in the N. Atlantic D. accelerated activity of the
inter-tropical convergence zone
4. The chemical composition of ocean water is dominated
by ______.
A. sodium and chloride C.
argon and carbon dioxide
B. nitrogen and oxygen D.
potassium and nitrate
5. Surface ocean currents are driven by (1)________ and commonly move in a circular pattern called
(2)________.
A. (1) density, (2) downwelling C. (1) wind, (2) gyres E. (1) gravity, (2) tides
B. (1) wind, (2) horse latitudes D. (1) density, (2) upwelling
6. At the same temperature, which of these water samples
would have the highest density?
A. rain water B.
sea water C. river
water D. distilled
water
7. The densest ocean water in the world is generated _______.
A. in the
B. near the
8. Which of the following would NOT be associated
with Big El Niño events?
A. warm water along West coast of
B. high rainfall in southwestern
9. In order to reconstruct annual amount of water that
was carried by a stream before the availability of stream gauge records of
annual stream discharge (flow), which of the following climate proxies has been
successfully used in the Southwest?
A. ice cores B.
speleothems C.
sediment D. pollen E. packrat middens
F. tree rings
10. A teleconnection would best
be described as which of the following?
A. conference phone call of global change researchers C. phone solicitation of
$ for global change research
B. long-distance linkage of climate events D. Earth
monitoring with satellite telescopes
11. Given initial warming
by greenhouse gases, an example of a positive feedback would be
________________.
A. melting of ice caps and decreased albedo => warming C. melting of ice caps and decreased albedo
=> cooling
B. melting of ice caps and increased albedo => warming D. melting of ice caps and increased
albedo => cooling
12. From about 1977 to 2010, the Pacific Ocean has been
in the positive (+) phase of _______, which is characterized as having a higher
frequency of El Niño events than occur during its negative (-) phase.
A. thermohaline circulation C. the Coriolis effect E. ENSO
B. upwelling D.
the Pacific Decadal Oscillation F.
the Younger Dryas
13. If we have 3 boxes (each a cubic meter) filled with
air at 50% relative humidity, but one box has a temperature of 0°C, the second
box has a temperature of 25°C, and the third had a temperature of 40°C, the box
at _____will have the most water vapor.
A. 0°C B.
25°C C. 40°C D. none of the above, they would
all have the same amount
14. The process transferring water from the Earth’s
surface to the atmosphere could best be described as_______.
A. sublimation B.
precipitation C.
evapotranspiration D.
runoff
15. By what mechanisms does ocean water in the Arctic and
Antarctic get very dense (and sink downward)?
16. Modeling of future climate suggests what will happen
to precipitation at low latitudes and at high latitudes?
17. What is "thermohaline"
circulation, and what is being transported by it? How might its disturbance
lead to future global change? How might it be disturbed?
18. Where around the world might you expect to find
substantially reduced precipitation (drought) associated with El Niño events?
What about increased precipitation? How do La Niña teleconnections
differ from El Niño teleconnections?
19. What is(are) cause(s) of
sea-level rise?
20. What is the justification for the South Pole being
very dry (little precipitation)?
21. Give a local and a global problem associated with
melting of Arctic permafrost?
22. What are the 2 main reasons for current sea-level
rise into the 21st Century?
23. What is a “tipping point” in regard to global climate
change? (hint: see Eilperin reading) How does it differ from the “tipping
point” described in the Murray
and King reading?
24. How is it that rubber bath-tub ducks tell us
something about surface ocean circulation?
25. How is specific heat related to position of the ITCZ?
26. “The hard freeze that Tucson experienced in the first
few days of February 2011 (the coldest February temperature in the last 110
years) is a good example of climate change.”
Explain why this statement is correct or incorrect.
27. Evaporation from the wet-bulb thermometer of a sling psychrometer and perspiration both produce cooling related
to _______.
A. Latent heat of water
B. Specific heat of water
C. Heat-humidity index
D. Decreased density of water
28. If you had a water sample, how could you increase its
dissolved salt concentration without adding salt to it?
A. Add water to it
B. Pour it into a larger container
C. Drink it
D. Let it sit out in an open container for a while
29. Why would the wet-bulb temperature be lower than the
dry-bulb temperature of a sling psychrometer?
A. Refrigerated water is used on wet-bulb thermometer
B. Water absorbs heat during evaporation from wet-bulb
thermometer
C. The cloth on wet-bulb thermometer acts as an insulator
D. The cloth on wet-bulb thermometer absorbs atmospheric
water vapor