Answers to Sample Quiz 1:
1. B (the farther galaxies are away from us, the faster they are moving away, consistent with an origin of the Universe at a singularity at the instant of the Big Bang when it was suddenly kicked it up a notch when matter was sent hurtling in all directions)
2. B (you will have at least 2 questions
about syllabus on exam; consult sample syllabus questions)
3. A (about 100 billion stars in each galaxy; although many of the stars probably have planets, "A" is the best answer because stars are typically much more massive than planets [an interesting complication is that astrophysicists hypothesize that the majority of matter in the Universe is "dark matter", neither stars nor planets])
4. C (a=F/m, so that when hit with the same force, an object with low mass [small m value] will accelerate much more rapidly than an object with a large mass [large m value])
5. A (the lower number is number of protons= atomic number; the upper number is mass number= number of protons + neutrons in the nucleus; He is chemical symbol of helium)
6. A (Earth is in the group of inner 4 planets; the outer planets are a bunch of low-density gasbags)
7. D
8. A (the planets of your solar system, even Jupiter, are puny compared to the tremendous mass of its central star)
9. B (a final grade of 50% will actually
earn you a "D")
10. C
11. C (carbon and oxygen atoms were not formed in the Big Bang-therefore there must have been stars that formed and produced those elements from fusion processes at various stages of their lifetime(s) before their elements eventually ended up in a nebula that became our solar system)
12. D
13. E (10 in x 2.54cm/in = 25.4 cm; OR
10 in x 1cm/0.394in = 25.4 cm)
14. B (the red shift of light to longer wavelengths [like the declining pitch of a train's horn as it moves away from you, but sound is acoustic waves, whereas light is electromagnetic radiation] is observed in the light from distant galaxies)
15. C
16. A
17. C
18. Although
geologic events such as molten rock and hot gases concentrated silver atoms in
19. possible answer #1= light energy and electrical energy: solar cells can convert light energy into electricity; possible answer #2= potential energy in petroleum and heat energy: petroleum can be burned to release heat directly, etc, etc.
20. convergent, divergent and transform (see text Fig. 2.1 and related text)