Tree Ring Isotopes- Ecology and Environment (Leavitt- June 2008)

 

Bibliography

 

Wood Anatomy and Dendrochronology

Cook, E.R. and Kairiukstis, L.A. 1990. Methods of Dendrochronology. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

Fritts, H.C. 1976.  Tree Rings and Climate.  Academic Press, New York.

Fritts, H.C., Vaganov, E.A., Sviderskaya, I.V. and Shashkin, A.V. 1991.  Climatic variation and tree-ring structure in conifers: empirical and mechanistic models of tree-ring width, number of cells, cell size, cell-wall thickness and wood density.  Climate Research 1: 97-116.

Panshin, A.J. and de Zeeuw, C. 1980. Textbook of Wood Technology.  McGraw-Hill, New York.

Schweingruber, F.H. 1987.  Tree Rings: Basic Applications to Dendrochronology.  D. Reidel (Kluwer), Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

Stokes, M.A. and Smiley, T.L. 1996.  An Introduction to Tree-Ring Dating.  University of Arizona Press, Tucson. (originally published by U. of Chicago, 1968)

 

Overviews- Isotopes in Tree Rings

Edwards, T.W.D. 1993.  Interpreting past climate from stable isotopes in continental organic matter.  IN Climate Change in Continental Isotopic Records, Swart, P.K., Lohmann, K.C., McKenzie, J., and Savin, S. (eds.), American Geophysical Union, Geophysical Monograph No. 78, Washington, D.C., pp. 333-341.

Epstein, S. and Krishnamurthy, R.V. 1990. Environmental information in the isotope record in trees. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A330: 427-439.

Gray, J. 1981.  The use of stable-isotope data in climate reconstruction.  IN Climate and History, Wigley, T.M.L., Ingram, M.J. and Farmer, G. (eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 53-81.

Leavitt, S.W. 1987.  Stable-carbon isotopes in tree rings as environmental indicators.  IN The Practical Application of Trace Elements and Isotopes to Environmental Biogeochemistry and Mineral Resources Evaluation, Hurst, R.W., Davis, T.E. and Augustithis, S.S. (eds), Theophrastus Publications, S.A., Athens, pp. 61-74.

Leavitt, S.W. 1992.  Isotopes and trace elements in tree rings.  LUNDQUA Report 34: 182-190.

Leavitt, S.W. 1993.  Environmental information from 13C/12C ratios in wood.  IN Climate Change in Continental Isotopic Records, Swart, P.K., Lohmann, K.C., McKenzie, J., and Savin, S. (eds.), American Geophysical Union, Geophysical Monograph 78: 325-331.

Lipp, J. and Trimborn, P. 1991. Long-term records and basic principles of tree-ring isotope data with emphasis on local environmental conditions. Paläoklimaforschung 6: 105–117.

Long, A. 1982.  Stable isotopes in tree rings.  IN Climate from Tree Rings, Hughes, M.K., Kelly, P.M., (eds.), Pilcher, J.R. and LaMarche, Jr., V.C. (eds), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 13-18.

McCarroll, D. and Loader, N.J., 2006.  Isotopes in tree rings.  IN Isotopes in Palaeoenvironmental Research (Developments in Paleoenvironmental Research Series), M.J. Leng (ed.), Springer, The Netherlands, pp. 67-115.

McCarroll, D. and Loader, N.J., 2004.  Stable isotopes in tree rings.  Quaternary Science Reviews 23: 771-801.

Ramesh, R., Bhattacharya, S.K. and Gopalan, K. 1986.  Stable isotope systematics in tree cellulose as palaeoenvironmental indicators--a review.  J. Geol. Soc. India 27: 154-167.

Wigley, T.M.L. 1982.  Oxygen-18, carbon-13, and carbon-14 in tree rings.  IN Climate from Tree Rings, Hughes, M.K., Kelly, P.M., Pilcher, J.R. and LaMarche, Jr., V.C. (eds), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 18-21.

 

Preparation/Analysis

Boettger, T., Haupt, M., Knöller, K., Weise, S.M., Waterhouse, J.S., Rinne, K.T., Loader, N.J., Sonninen, E., Jungner, H., Masson-Delmotte, V., Stievenard, M., Guillemin, M.-T., Pierre, M., Pazdur, A., Leuenberger, M., Filot, M., Saurer, M., Reynolds, C.E., Helle, G., and Schleser, G.H., 2007. Wood cellulose preparation methods and mass spectrometric analyses of delta 13C, delta 18O, and nonexchangeable delta 2H values in cellulose, sugar, and starch: An interlaboratory comparison. Anal. Chem. 79: 4603-4612.

Borella, S., Leuenberger, M, Saurer, M. 1999. Analysis of d18O  in tree rings: Wood-cellulose comparison and method dependent sensitivity.  J. of Geophysical Research 104: 19267-19273.

Borella, S., Leuenberger, M, Saurer, M. and Siegwolf, R. 1998. Reducing uncertainties in d13C analysis of tree rings: pooling, milling, and cellulose extraction. J. of Geophysical Research 103: 19,519-19,526.

Brendel, O., Iannetta, P.P.M. and Stewart, D. 2000.  A rapid and simple method to isolate pure alpha-cellulose. Phytochemical Analysis 11: 7-10.

Cullen, L.E. and Macfarlane, C., 2005. Comparison of cellulose extraction methods for analysis of stable-isotope ratios of carbon and oxygen in plant material. Tree Physiology 25: 619-625.

DeNiro, M.J. 1981. The effects of different methods of preparing cellulose nitrate on the determination of the D/H ratios of non-exchangeable hydrogen of cellulose. Earth and Planetary Science Lett. 54: 177-185.

Feng, X., Krishnamurthy, R.V. and Epstein, S. 1993.  Determination of D/H ratios of nonexchangeable hydrogen in cellulose: A method based on the cellulose water exchange reaction. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 57: 4249-4256.

Filot, M.S., Leuenberger, M., Pazdur, A., and Boettger, T., 2006.  Rapid online equilibration method to determine the D/H ratios of non-exchangeable hydrogen in cellulose. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 20: 3337-3344.

Gaudinski, J.B., Dawson, T.E., Quideau, S., Schuur, E.A.G., Roden, J.S., Trumbore, S.E., Sandquist, D.R., Oh, S.-W., and Wasylishen. R.E., 2005. Comparative Analysis of Cellulose Preparation Techniques for Use with 13C, 14C, and 18O Isotopic Measurements. Anal. Chem. 77: 7212-7224.

Harlow, B.A., Marshall, J.D. and Robinson, A.P., 2006. A multi-species comparison of δ13C from whole wood, extractive-free wood and holocellulose. Tree Physiology 26: 767-774.

Haupt, M., and Boettger, T., 2006.  Microwave-supported preparation of alpha-cellulose for analysis of delta 13C in tree rings. Anal. Chem. 78: 7248-7252

Hoper, S.T., McCormac, F.G., Hogg, A.G., Higham, T.F.G. and Head, M.J., 1998.  Evaluation of wood pretreatments on oak and cedar.  Radiocarbon 40: 45-50.

Krishnamurthy, R.V. and Machavaram, M. 1998. Hydrogen isotope exchange in thermally stressed cellulose. Chemical Geology (Isotope Geosciemce Section) 152: 85-96

Leavitt, S.W. and Danzer, S.R. 1993.  Method for batch processing small wood samples to holocellulose for stable-carbon isotope analysis.  Analytical Chemistry 65: 87-89.

Loader, N.J. and Buhay, W.M. 1999. Rapid catalytic oxidation of CO to CO2-on the development of a new approach to on-line oxygen isotope analysis of organic matter. Rapid Communication in Mass Spectrometry 13: 1828-1832.

Loader, N.J., Robertson, I., Barker, A.C., Switsur, V.R. and Waterhouse, J.S. 1997.  A modified method for the batch processing of small wholewood samples to a-cellulose.  Chemical Geology (Isotope Geoscience) 136: 313-317.

Loader, N.J., Robertson, I., Lucke, A. and Helle, G., 2002.  Preparation of holocellulose from standard increment cores for stable carbon isotope analysis.  Swansea Geographer 37: 1-9.

Macfarlane, C., Warren, C., White, D. and Adams, M.. 1999. A rapid and simple method for processing wood to crude cellulose for analysis of stable carbon isotopes in tree rings. Tree Physiology 19: 831-835.

Rinne, K.T., Boettger T., Loader, N.J., Robertson, I., Switsur, V.R. and Waterhouse, J.S., 2005.  On the purification of α-cellulose from resinous wood for stable isotope (H, C and O) analysis.  Chemical Geology 222: 75-82

Sauer, P.E. and Sternberg, L.d.S.L.O., 1994.  Improved method for the determination of the oxygen isotopic composition of cellulose.  Analytical Chemistry 66: 2409-2411.

Saurer, A., Robertson, I., Siegwolf, R. and Leuenberger, M. 1998.  Oxygen isotope analysis of cellulose: An interlaboratory comparison.  Analytical Chemistry 70: 2074-2080.

Sheu, D.D. and Chiu, C.H. 1995. Evaluation of cellulose extraction procedures for stable carbon isotope measurement in tree ring research. Intern. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 59: 59-67.

Sternberg, L.S.L. 1989.  Oxygen and hydrogen isotope measurements in plant cellulose analysis.  IN Plant Fibres. Modern Methods of Plant Analysis V. 10 (ed. H.F. Linskens and J.F. Jackson), pp. 89-99. Springer-Verlag.

Verheyden, A., Roggeman, M., Bouillon, S., Elskens, M., Beeckman, H., and Koedam, N., 2005. Comparison between d13C of α-cellulose and bulk wood in the mangrove tree Rhizophora mucronata: Implications for dendrochemistry .  Chemical Geology 219: 275-282.

 

dD and/or d18O in Tree Rings

Anderson, W.T., Bernasconi, S.M., McKenzie, J.A., Saurer, M. and Schweingruber, F., 2002.  Model evaluation for reconstructing the oxygen isotopic composition in precipitation from tree ring cellulose over the last century.  Chemical Geology 182: 121-137.

Augusti, A., Betson, T.R. and Schleucher, J., 2008.  Deriving correlated climate and physiological signals from deuterium isotopomers in tree rings.  Chemical Geology 252:1-8.

Barbour, M.M., Andrews, T.J., and Farquhar, G.D., 2001. Correlations between oxygen isotope ratios of wood constituents of Quercus and Pinus samples from around the world. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 28: 335-348.

Berkelhammer, M., and Stott, L. D., 2008.  Recent and dramatic changes in Pacific storm trajectories recorded in d18O from bristlecone pine tree-ring cellulose. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 9(4), Q04008, doi:10.1029/2007GC001803.

Buhay, W.M., Edwards, T.W.D. and  Aravena, R. 1996. Evaluating kinetic fractionation factors used for ecologic and paleoclimatic reconstructions from oxygen and hydrogen isotope ratios in plant water and cellulose. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta.60: 2209-2218.

Burk, R.L. and Stuiver, M., 1981.  Oxygen isotope ratios in trees reflect mean annual temperature and humidity.  Science 211: 1417-1419.

Busch, D., Ingraham, N.L. and Smith, S.D. 1992. Water uptake in woody riparian phreatophytes of the southwestern United States: a stable isotope study. Ecological Applications 2: 45-459.

Cullen, L.E. and Grierson, P.F. 2006. Is cellulose extraction necessary for developing stable carbon and oxygen isotopes chronologies from Callitris glaucophylla?  Paleogeography, paleoclimatology, Paleoecology 236: 206-216.

Dawson, T.E. and Ehleringer, J.R. 1991. Streamside trees that do not use stream water. Nature 350: 335-337.

Dawson, T.E. and Ehleringer, J.R. 1993. Isotopic enrichment of water in the “woody” tissues of plants: implications for plant water source, water uptake, and other studies which use the stable isotopic composition  of cellulose. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 57: 3487-3492.

DeNiro, M.J. and Cooper, L.W. 1989. Post-photosynthetic modification of oxygen isotope ratios of carbohydrates in the potato: implications for paleoclimatic reconstruction based upon isotopic analysis of wood cellulose. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 53: 2573-2580.

DeNiro, M.J. and Epstein, S. 1979.  Relationship between the oxygen isotope ratios of terrestrial plant cellulose, carbon dioxide, and water.  Science 204: 51-53.

Dubois, A.D. and Ferguson, D.K. 1985.  The climatic history of pine in the Cairngorms based on radiocarbon dates and stable isotope analysis with an account of the events leading up to its colonization.  Rev. of  Palaeobotany and Palynology 46: 55-80.

Dubois, A.D. and Ferguson, D.K. 1988. Additional evidence for the climatic history of pine in the Cairngorms, Scotland, based on radiocarbon dates and tree ring D/H ratios. Rev. of  Palaeobotany and Palynology 54: 181-185.

Edwards, T.W.D. 1990. New contribution to isotope dendroclimatology from studies of plants. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 54: 1843-1844.

Edwards, T.W.D. and Fritz, P. 1986.  Assessing meteoric water composition and relative humidity from 18O and 2H in wood cellulose: paleoclimatic implications for southern Ontario, Canada. Applied Geochemistry 1: 715-723.

Ehleringer, J.R. and Dawson, T.E. 1992. Water uptake by plants: perspectives from stable isotope composition. Plant, Cell and Environment 15: 1073-1082. 

Epstein, S., 1995. The isotopic climate records in the Alleröd-Bølling-Younger Dryas and post Younger Dryas events. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 9: 557-563.

Epstein, S., Xu, X. and Carrara, P. 1999. A climatic record from 14C-dated wood fragments from southwestern Colorado. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 13: 781-784.

Epstein, S. and Yapp, C.J. 1976. Climatic implications of the D/H ratio of hydrogen in C-H groups in tree cellulose. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 30: 252-261.

Epstein, S., Thompson, P. and Yapp, C.J. 1977.  Oxygen and hydrogen isotopic ratios in plant cellulose.  Science 198: 1209-1215.

Epstein, S., Yapp, C.J. and Hall, J.H. 1976.  The determination of the D/H ratio of non-exchangeable hydrogen in cellulose extracted from aquatic and land plants.  Earth Plant. Sci.Lett. 30: 241-251.

Evans, M.N. and D.P. Schrag, 2004. A stable isotope-based approach to tropical dendroclimatology. Geochim. et Cosmochim. Acta 68(16): 3295-3305, DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2004.01.006

Feng, X., Cui, H., Tang, K. and Conkey, L.E., 1999. Tree-ring dD as an indicator of Asian Monsoon Intensity.  Quaternary Research 51: 262-266.

Feng, X. and Epstein, S. 1994.  Climatic implications of an 8000-year hydrogen isotope time series from bristlecone pine trees.  Science 265: 1079-1081.

Feng, X., Reddington, A.L., Faiia, A.M., Posmentier, E.S., Shu, Y. and Xu, X., 2007.  The changes in North American atmospheric circulation patterns indicated by wood cellulose. Geology 35(2): 163–166;

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Gray, J. and Song, S.J. 1984.  Climatic implications of the natural variations of D/H ratios in tree ring cellulose.  Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 70: 129-138.

Gray, J. and Thompson, P. 1976.  Climatic information from 18O/16O ratios of cellulose in tree rings.  Nature 262: 481-482.

Gray, J. and Thompson, P. 1978. Reply to Wigley, T.M.L., Gray, B.M. and Kelly, P.M. 1978. Climatic interpretation of d18O and dD in tree rings. Nature 271: 94.

Grinsted, M.J. and Wilson, A.T. 1979. Hydrogen isotopic chemistry of cellulose and other organic material of geochemical interest. New Zealand J. of Science 22: 281-287.

Hill, S.A., Waterhouse, J.S., Field, E.M., Switsur, V.R. and AP Rees, T. 1995. Rapid recycling of triose phosphates in oak stem tissue. Plant, Cell and Environment 18: 931-936.

Jäggi, M., Saurer, M., Fuhrer, J. and Siegwolf, R. 2003.  Seasonality of d18O in needles and wood of Picea abies. New Phytologist 158: 51–59.

Jahren, A.H. and Sternberg, L.S.L., 2002. Eocene meridional weather patterns reflected in the oxygen isotopes of arctic fossil wood. GSA Today 1: 4-9.

Jahren, A.H. and Sternberg, L.S.L., 2003.  Humidity estimate for the middle-Eocene Arctic rainforest: Geology 31: 463-466.

Krishnamurthy, R.V. and Epstein, S. 1985.  Tree ring D/H ratio from Kenya, East Africa and its palaeoclimatic significance.  Nature 317: 160-162.

Lipp, J., Trimborn, P. and Becker, B., 1992.  Rhythmic dD fluctuations in the tree-ring latewood cellulose of spruce trees (Picea abies L.).  Dendrochronologia 10: 9-22.

Lipp, J., Trimborn, P., Edwards, T.W.D., Waisel, Y. and Yakir, D. 1986.  Climatic effects on the 18O and 13C of cellulose in the desert tree Tamarix jordanis.  Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 60: 3305-3309.

Lipp, J., Trimborn, P., Graff, W. and Becker, B. 1993.  Climatic significance of D/H ratios in the cellulose of late wood in tree rings from spruce (Picea abies L.).  IN Proceedings International Symposium on Applications of Isotopic Techniques in Studying Past and Current Environmental Changes in the Hydrosphere, 19-23 April 1993, IAEA-SM-329/44, Vienna, pp. 395-405.

Liu, W., Feng, X., Liu, Y., Zhang, Q., An, Z., 2004. d18O values of tree rings as a proxy of monsoon precipitation in arid Northwest China. Chemical Geology 206: 73-80.

Liu, Y., Cai, Q., Liu, W., Yang, Y., Sun, J., Song, H. and Li, X., 2008.  Monsoon precipitation variation recorded by tree-ring d18O in arid Northwest China since AD 1878.  Chemical Geology 252:56-61

Luckman, B. and Gray, J. 1990. Oxygen isotope ratios from tree rings containing compression wood. Quaternary Research 33(1): 117-121.

Luckman, B.H., Hamilton, J.P., Josca, L.A., and Gray, J., 1985. Proxy climatic data from tree rings at Lake Louise, Alberta: A preliminary report. Geographie Physique et Quaternaire 39: 127-140.

Luo, Y. and Sternberg, L. 1991.  Deuterium heterogeneity in starch and cellulose nitrate of CAM and C3 plants.  Phytochemistry 30: 1095-1098.

Marshall, J.D. and Monserud, R.A. 2006. Co-occurring species differ in tree-ring δ18O trends. Tree Physiology 26: 1055–1066.

Pendall, E.G. 1997.  Precipitation seasonality recorded in D/H ratios of pinyon pine cellulose in the southwestern United States.  Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Arizona, 263 pp.

Qian, J., Deng, Z., Tu, Q., Wang, S., and Huang, Y., 2002.  Climatic significance of dD time series in tree rings from Tianmu Mountain.  Science in China (Series D) 44(12): 1140-1146.

Ramesh, R., Bhattacharya, S.K. and Gopalan, K. 1985. Dendrochronological implications of isotope coherence in trees from Kashmir Valley, India. Nature 317: 6040, 802-804.

Ramesh, R., Bhattacharya, S.K. and Gopalan, K. 1986.  Climatic correlations in the stable isotope records of silver fir (Abies pindrow) trees from Kashmir, India.  Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 79:

Ramesh, R., Bhattacharya, S.K. and Gopalan, K. 1988.  Climatic significance of variations in the width and stable isotope ratios in tree rings.  IN: Science and Archaeology Glasgow 1987, Slater, E.A. and Tate, J.O. (eds.), B.A.R., Oxford,  pp. 591-609.

Ramesh, R., Bhattacharya, S.K. and Pant, G.B. 1989. Climatic significance of dD variations in a tropical tree species from India.  Nature 337: 149-150.

Rebetz, M, Saurer, M. and Cherubini, P., 2003.  To what extent can oxygen isotopes in tree rings and precipitation be used to reconstruct past atmospheric temperature? A case study.  Climatic Change 61: 237-248.

Robertson, I., Waterhouse, J.S., Barker, A.C., Carter, A.H.C., Switsur, V.R., 2001.  Oxygen isotope ratios of oak in east England: Implications for reconstructing the isotopic composition of precipitation.  Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 191: 21-31.

Roden, J.S. and Ehleringer, J.R. 1999. Hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios of tree-ring cellulose for riparian trees grown long-term under hydroponic, controlled environmental environments. Oecologia 121: 467-477.

Roden, J.S. and Ehleringer, J.R. 1999. Observations of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in leaf water confirm the Craig-Gordon model under wide-ranging environmental conditions.  Plant Phys. 120: 1165-1173

Roden, J.S. and Ehleringer, J.R. 2000. Hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios of tree ring cellulose for field-grown riparian trees.  Oecologia 123: 481-489.

Roden, J.S., Lin, G. and Ehleringer, J.R. 1999. A mechanistic model for interpretation of hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios in tree ring cellulose. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 64: 21-35.

Rozanski, K., Araguas-Araguas, L. and Gonfiantini, R. 1992. Relation between long-term trends of oxygen-18 isotope composition of precipitation and climate. Science 258: 981-985.

Saurer, M., Borella, S. and Leuenberger, M. 1997. d18O of tree rings of beech (Fagus silvatica) as a record of d18O of the growing season precipitation.  Tellus 49B: 80-92.

Saurer, M., Schweingruber, F., Vaganov, E.A., Shiyatov, S.G. and Siegwolf, R., 2002.  Spatial and temporal oxygen isotope trends at the northern tree-line in Eurasia.  Geophys. Res. Lett. 29: 10.1029/2001GL013739.

Savard, M.M., Bégin, C., Smirnoff, A., Marion, J., Sharp, Z., and Parent, M., 2005.  Fractionation change of hydrogen isotopes in trees due to atmospheric pollutants.  Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 69: 3723-3731.

Schiegl, W.E. 1974. Climatic significance of deuterium abundance in growth rings of Picea. Nature 251: 582-584.

Shu, Y., Feng, X., Gazis, C., Anderson, D., Anthony, M.F., Tank, K., and Ettl, G., 2005. Relative humidity recorded in tree rings: A case study along precipitation gradient in the Olympic Mountains, Washington, USA. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 69: 791-799.

Smith, B.N. and Ziegler, H. 1990. Isotopic fractionation of hydrogen in plants. Bot. Acta 103: 335-342.

 

Sternberg, L.S.L., Anderson, W.T. and Morrison, K., 2003.  Separating soil and leaf water 18O isotopic signals in plant stem cellulose.  Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 67: 2561-2566.

Terwilliger, V.J. and DeNiro, M.J., 1995.  Hydrogen isotope fractionation in wood-producing avocado seedlings: Biological constraints to paleoclimate interpretations of dD values in tree ring cellulose nitrate.  Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 24: 5199-5207.

Treydte, K.S., Schleser, G.H., Helle, G., Frank, D.C., Winiger, M., Haug, G.H., and Esper, J., 2006. The twentieth century was the wettest period in northern Pakistan over the past millennium. Nature 440: 1179-1182.

Tsuji, H., Nakatsuka, T. and Takagi, K., 2006.  d18O of tree-ring cellulose in two species (spruce and oak) as proxies of precipitation amount and relative humidity in northern Japan. Chemical Geology 231: 67-76

Waterhouse, J.S., Switsur, V.R., Barker, A.C., Carter, A.H.C., and Robertson, I., 2002. Oxygen and hydrogen isotope ratios in tree rings: how well do models predict observed values? Earth and Planetary Science Letters 201: 421-430.

White, J.W.C. 1989.  Stable hydrogen isotope ratios in plants: A review of current theory and some potential applications.  IN Stable Isotopes in Ecological Research, Ecological Studies 68, Rundel, P.W., Ehleringer, J.R. and Nagy, K.A. (eds.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 142-162.

White, J.W.C., Cook, E.R., Lawrence, J.R. and Broecker, W.S. 1985.  The D/H ratios of sap in trees: Implications for water sources and tree ring D/H ratios.  Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 49: 237-246.

White, J.W.C., Lawrence, J.R. and Broecker, W.S. 1994.  Modeling and interpreting D/H ratios in tree rings: A test case of white pine in the northeastern United States.  Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 58: 851-862.

Wigley, T.M. L., Gray, B.M. and Kelly, P.M. 1978. Climatic interpretation of d18O and dD in tree rings. Nature 271: 92-93.  

Wilson, A.T. 1978. Reply to Wigley, T.M. L., Gray, B.M. and Kelly, P.M. 1978. Climatic interpretation of d18O and dD in tree rings. Nature 271: 93.

Wilson, A.T. and Grinsted, M.J. 1975.  Palaeotemperatures from tree rings and the D/H ratio of cellulose as a biochemical thermometer.  Nature 257: 387-388.

Wilson, A.T. and Grinsted, M.J. 1977. The D/H ratio of cellulose as a biochemical thermometer: a comment on “climatic implications of D/H ratio of hydrogen in C-H groups in tree cellulose” by S. Epstein and C.J. Yapp. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 36: 246-248.

Wright, W.E., 2008.  Statistical evidence for exchange of oxygen isotopes in holocellulose during long-term storage.  Chemical Geology 252:102-108.

Wright, W.E. and Leavitt, S.W., 2006.  Boundary layer humidity reconstruction for a semiarid location from tree ring cellulose d18O. Geophysical Research Letters 111, D18105, doi:10.1029/2005JD006806.

Yakir, D. 1992.  Variations in the natural abundance of oxygen-18 and deuterium in plant carbohydrates.  Plant, Cell and Environment 15: 1005-1020.

Yapp, C.J. and Epstein, S. 1977.  Climatic implications of D/H ratios of meteoric water over North America (9500-22,000 B.P.) as inferred from ancient wood cellulose C-H hydrogen.  Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 34: 333-350.

Yapp, C.J. and Epstein, S. 1982.  Climatic significance of the hydrogen isotope ratios in tree cellulose.  Nature 297: 636-639.

 

d13C and dD in Tree Rings

Aucour, A.-M., Tao, F.-X., Sheppard, S.M.F., Huang, N.-W. and Liu, C.Q., 2002.  Climatic and monsoon isotopic signals (dD, d13C) of northeastern China tree rings. J. Geophys. Res. 107(7): 10.1029/2001JD000464.

Epstein, S. and Krishnamurthy, R.V. 1990.  Environmental information in the isotopic record in trees.  Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 330: 427-439.

Friedrich, M., Kromer, B., Spurk, M., Hoffman, J. and Kauser, K.F., 1999.  Paleo-environment and radiocarbon calibration as derived from Lateglacial/Early Holocene tree-ring chronologies.  Quaternary International 61: 27-39.

Jedrysek, M.O., Krapiek, M., Skrzypek, G., Kaulzny, A. and Halas, S., 1998.  An attempt to calibrate carbon and hydrogen isotope ratios in oak tree ring cellulose: the last millennium.  Materials and Geoenvironment 45: 82-90.

Krishnamurthy, R.V. and Machavaram, M., 2000. Is there a stable isotope evidence for the CO2 fertilization effect?  Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Earth Planet. Sci.) 109(1): 141-144

Lipp, J., Trimborn, P., Fritz, P., Moser, H., Becker, B. and Frenzel, B. 1991.  Stable isotopes in tree ring cellulose and climatic change.  Tellus 43B: 322-330.

Mayr, C., Frenzel, B., Friedrich, M., Spurk, M., Stichler, W. and Trimborn, P. 2003. Stable carbon- and hydrogen-isotope ratios of subfossil oaks in southern Germany: Methodology and application to a composite record for the Holocene.  The Holocene 13: 393-402.

 

d13C and d18O in Tree Rings

Anderson, W.T., Bernasconi, S.M., McKenzie, J.A. and Saurer, M. 1998. Oxygen and carbon isotopic record of climatic variability in tree ring cellulose (Picea abies): an example from central Switzerland (1913-1995). J. of Geophysical Research 103: 31,625-31,636.

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dD, d13C and d18O in Tree Rings

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