CURRICULUM VITA

of

Steven W. Leavitt

August 2010

TITLE- Professor of Dendrochronology, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721

(Phone 602-621-6468; FAX 602-621-8229)

EDUCATION-

May 1982 Ph.D. Geosciences. University of Arizona, Tucson

(Dissertation title: Inference of past atmospheric d¹³C and P_CO2 from ¹³C/¹²C measurements in tree rings)

Aug 1977 M.S. Environmental Sciences. University of Virginia, Charlottesville

(Thesis title: Soil-plant relationships of nutrient and non-nutrient metals in Louisa Co., Virginia)

June 1971 B.S. Geology. University of Illinois, Urbana

(Thesis title: The geology and genesis of magmatic iron deposits at Kiruna and Gellivare, Sweden, and Iron Mountain, Missouri)

PROFESSIONAL BACKGROUND-

Jan 2008 to Assoc. Director, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research

present

Jul 1996 to Professor, University of Arizona

present

Jul 1992 to Acting Director, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research

Jul 1993

Aug 1990 to Associate Professor of Dendrochronology, University of Arizona

Jun 1996

Jul 1989 to Associate Professor of Geology, University of Wisconsin-Parkside

Aug 1990

Aug 1984 to Assistant Professor of Geology, University of Wisconsin-Parkside

Jul 1989

Jun 1982 to Post-doc Research Associate, University of Arizona, Dept. of

Jul 1984 Geosciences

TEACHING EXPERIENCE-

Graduate teaching assistant - Environmental Geology, Physical Geology, Mineralogy, Optical Mineralogy, Geology Summer Field Camp.

As Professor - The Weather, Earth & Man, Environmental Earth Science, Geochemistry, Environmental Geology, Hydrogeology, Dendrochronology, Senior Seminar, Mineralogy, Petrology, Introduction to Global Change, Tree Rings as Chronometers, Dendrochronology: Biological Applications, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Introduction to Global Change (Nats101)

RESEARCH INTERESTS-

Light stable-isotope geochemistry applied to geological and environmental problems; the global carbon cycle in geologic time and the recent imbalance from anthropogenic effects; environmental and climate reconstructions; dendrochronology; carbon storage in soils under high CO₂ conditions.

PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES- The Geochemical Society, American Geophysical Union, The Tree-Ring Society, American Quaternary Association, Ecological Society of America

PUBLICATIONS-

1979

Holle, R.R., Simpson, J. and Leavitt, S.W., 1979. GATE B-scale cloudiness from whole-sky cameras on four U.S. ships. Monthly Weather Rev. 107:874-895.

Leavitt, S.W. and Goodell, H.G., 1979. Evaluation of biogeochemical prospecting methods in the search for sulfide deposits in the Appalachian, Piedmont, Virginia, USA. J. Geochem. Expl. 11:89-100.

Leavitt, S.W., Dueser, R.D. and Goodell, H.G., 1979. Plant regulation of essential and non-essential heavy metals. J. Appl. Ecol. 16:203-212.

1982

Leavitt, S.W. and Long, A., 1982. Evidence for ¹³C/¹²C fractionation between tree leaves and wood. Nature 298:742-744.

Leavitt, S.W. and Long, A., 1982. Stable carbon isotopes as a potential supplemental tool in dendrochronology. Tree-Ring Bulletin 42:49-55.

Leavitt, S.W., 1982. Annual volcanic CO₂ emission: an estimate from eruption chronologies. Environmental Geology 4:15-21.

Leavitt, S.W., Donahue, D.J. and Long, A., 1982. Charcoal production from wood and cellulose: implications to radiocarbon dates and accelerator target production. Radiocarbon 24:27-35.

1983

Leavitt, S.W. and Long, A., 1983. An atmospheric ¹³C/¹²C reconstruction generated through removal of climate effects from tree-ring ¹³C/¹²C measurements. Tellus 35B:92-102.

Leavitt, S.W. and Long, A., 1983. Possible climatic response of d¹³C (cellulose) in leaves of pinyon pine in Arizona, USA. Isotope Geos. 1:169-180. (pdf

)

Leavitt, S.W. and Long, A., 1983. On a 50-year "climate-free" d¹³C record from juniper tree rings. Radiocarbon 25:267-268.

1984

Leavitt, S.W. and Long, A., 1984. Sampling strategy for stable carbon isotope analysis of tree rings in pine. Nature 301:145-147.

1985

Leavitt, S.W. and Long A., 1985. Stable-carbon isotopic composition of maple sap and foliage. Plant Physiology 78:427-429.

Leavitt, S.W. and Long, A., 1985. The global biosphere as net CO₂ source or sink: evidence from carbon isotopes in tree rings. In Planetary Ecology, Caldwell, D.E., Brierly, J.A. and Brierly, C.L., eds. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, p. 89-99.

Leavitt, S.W., Long, A. and Dean, J.S., 1985. Tree-ring dating through pattern-matching of stable-carbon isotope time series. Tree-Ring Bulletin 45:1-9. (Published in 1986).

1986

Leavitt, S.W. and Long, A., 1986. Trends of ¹³C/¹²C ratios in pinyon pine tree rings of the American southwest and the global carbon cycle. Radiocarbon 28:376-382.

Leavitt, S.W. and Long, A., 1986. Stable-carbon isotope variability in tree foliage and wood. Ecology 67:1002-1010.

1987

Leavitt, S.W. and Long, A., 1987. Influence of site disturbance on d¹³C isotopic time series from tree rings. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Ecological Aspects of Tree-Ring Analysis, U.S. Dept. of Energy/U.S. Environ. Protection Agency/U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Publ. CONF-8608144, p. 119-129. Available through Natl. Technical Information Service, U.S. Dept. of Commerce.

Long, A., Leavitt, S.W. and Cheng, S., 1987. Carbon-13/Carbon-12 variations in bristlecone pine over the past 600 years and their relation to climate and global atmospheric CO₂. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Ecological Aspects of Tree-Ring Analysis, U.S. Dept. of Energy/ U.S. Environ. Protection Agency/U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Publ. CONF-8608144, p. 485-493. Available through Natl. Technical Information Service, U.S. Dept. of Commerce.

Leavitt, S.W. and Long, A., 1987. Stable-carbon isotopic composition of plants near an Arizona smelter. In The Practical Applications of Trace Elements and Isotopes to Environmental Biogeochemistry and Mineral Resources Evaluation, Hurst, R.W., Davis, T.E. and Augustithis, S.S., eds. Theophrastus Publications, S.A., Athens, p. 47-57.

Leavitt, S.W., 1987. Stable-carbon isotopes in tree rings as environmental indicators. In The Practical Applications of Trace Elements and Isotopes to Environmental Biogeochemistry and Mineral Resources Evaluation, Hurst, R.W., Davis, T.E. and Augustithis, S.S., eds. Theophrastus Publications, S.A., Athens, p. 61-73.

1988

Leavitt, S.W. and Long, A., 1988. Intertree variability of d¹³C in tree rings. In Stable Isotopes in Ecological Research, Rundel, P.W., Ehleringer, J.R., and Nagy, K.A., eds. Springer-Verlag, New York, Chapter 7.

Leavitt, S.W. and Long, A., 1988. Stable carbon isotope chronologies from trees in the southwestern United States. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 2:189-198.

1989

Leavitt, S.W. and Long, A., 1989. Drought indicated in carbon-13/carbon-12 ratios of southwestern tree rings. Water Resources Bulletin 25:341-347.

Leavitt, S.W. and Long, A., 1989. Accelerator-measured ¹⁴C activity in tree rings from the vicinity of the first atomic bomb test. Radiocarbon 31:762-765.

Leavitt, S.W. and Long, A., 1989. The atmospheric d¹³C record as derived from 56 pinyon trees at 14 sites in the southwestern U.S. Radiocarbon 31:469-474.

Leavitt, S.W. and Long, A., 1989. Variation of concentration, ¹⁴C activity and ¹³C/¹²C ratios of CO₂ in air samples from Kitt Peak, Arizona. Radiocarbon 31:464-468.

1990

Leavitt, S.W. and Parkhurst, G.P., 1990. Radon concentrations in water from private wells in southeastern Wisconsin. Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey Open-File Report WOFR1990-02, 17 p.

1991

Leavitt, S.W., 1991, The Great Lakes forest fires of 8-10 October 1871. In Global Biomass Burning, Levine, J.S., ed., MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, p. 519-522.

Leavitt, S.W. and Danzer, S.R., 1991. Chronology from plant matter. Nature 352: 671.

Leavitt, S.W. and Long, A., 1991. Seasonal stable-carbon isotope variability in tree rings: possible paleoenvironmental signals. Chemical Geology (Isotope Geoscience Section) 87:59-70.

1992

Leavitt, S.W., 1992. Isotopes and trace elements in tree rings. Lundqua Report 34: 182-190.

Leavitt, S.W., 1992. Stable-carbon isotope time series from tree rings of Two Creeks wood (ca. 11,800 yr BP). Lundqua Report 34: 191-192.

Hughes, M.K. and Leavitt, S.W., 1992. Report of the workshop, Prospects for temporal extension of the radiocarbon calibration, 19 May 1991. Radiocarbon 34: 941.

Leavitt, S.W. and Kalin, R.M., 1992. A new tree-ring width, d¹³C and ¹⁴C investigation of the Two Creeks site. Radiocarbon 34:792-797.

Leavitt, S.W. and Danzer, S.R., 1992. d¹³C variations in C₃ plants over the past 50,000 years. Radiocarbon 34:783-791.

Leavitt, S.W. and Long, A., 1992. Altitudinal differences in d¹³C of bristlecone pine. Naturwissenschaften 79:178-180.

Leavitt, S.W., Paul, E.A., Kimball, B.A. and Hendrey, G.R., 1992. Isotopic estimation of inputs of carbon to cotton soils under FACE CO₂ enrichment. DOE Research Summary, No. 22, December, 4 pp.

Leavitt, S.W. and Newberry, T., 1992. Systematics of stable-carbon isotopic differences between gymnosperm and angiosperm trees. Plant Physiol. (Life Sci. Adv.) 11:257-262.

1993

Leavitt S.W. and Danzer, S.R., 1993. Method for batch processing small wood samples to holocellulose for stable-carbon isotope analysis. Analytical Chemistry 65:87-89.

Leavitt, S.W., 1993. Seasonal ¹³C/¹²C changes in tree rings: species and site coherence, and a possible drought influence. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23:210-218.

Leavitt, S.W., 1993. Environmental Information from ¹³C/¹²C ratios of wood. Geophysical Monograph 78:325-331 (Amer. Geophys. Union).

Schimmelmann, A., Miller, R.F. and Leavitt, S.W., 1993. Hydrogen isotopic exchange and stable isotope ratios in cellulose, wood, chitin, and amino acids. Geophysical Monograph 78:367-374 (Amer. Geophys. Union).

Dupouey, J.-L., Leavitt, S., Choisnel, E. and Jourdain, S., 1993. Modelling carbon isotope fractionation in tree rings based on effective evapotranspiration and soil water status. Plant, Cell and Environ. 16:939-947.

Leavitt, S.W., 1993. Review of Geomorphic Responses to Climatic Change by William B. Bull, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 74:105.

1994

Van de Water, P.K., Leavitt, S.W. and Betancourt, J.B., 1994. Trends in stomatal density and ¹³C/¹²C leaves during the last glacial-interglacial cycle. Science 264: 239-243. (PDF)

Leavitt, S.W., 1994. Major wet interval in White Mountains Medieval Warm Period evidenced in d¹³C of bristlecone pine tree rings. Climatic Change 26:299-307.

Leavitt, S.W. and Lara, A., 1994. South American tree rings show declining δ¹³C trend. Tellus 46B: 152-157.

Leavitt, S.W., Paul, E.A., Kimball, B.A., Hendrey, G.R., Mauney, J.R., Rauschkolb, R., Rogers, Jr., H., Lewin, K.F., Nagy, J., Pinter, Jr., P.J. and Johnson, H.B., 1994. Carbon isotope dynamics of CO₂-enriched FACE cotton and soils. Agricultural and Forest Meteorolology 70: 87-101.

Leavitt, S.W., 1994. Review of Climate Change and Human Impact on the Landscape by F.M. Chambers (ed.), Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 75: 640-641.

1995

Leavitt, S.W., Liu, Y., Hughes, M.K., Liu, R., An, Z., Gutierrez, G.M., Danzer, S.R. and Shao, X., 1995. A single-year d¹³C chronology from Pinus tabulaeformis (Chinese pine) tree rings at Huangling, China. Radiocarbon 37: 605-610.

Leavitt, S.W., Hughes, M.K., Liu, Y., and An, Z., 1995. Stable-carbon isotope tree-ring chronologies from Xian, China. In Tree Rings from the Past to the Future, Proceedings of the International Workshop on Asian and Pacific Dendrochronology, Tsukuba, Japan, March 4-9, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Scientific Meeting Report 1 (ISSN 1341-1969), Tsukuba, Japan, pp. 182-186.

Paul, E.A., Horwath, W.R., Harris, D., Follett, R., Leavitt, S.W., Kimball, B.A. and Pregitzer, K., 1995. Establishing the pool sizes and fluxes in CO₂ emissions from soil organic matter turnover. In Advances in Soil Science: Soils and Global Change, Lal, R., Kimble, J., Levine, E. and Stewart, B.A., eds., Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, Florida, p. 297-305.

1996

Liu, Y., Leavitt, S.W., Hughes, M.K., and Wu, X., 1996. Stable carbon isotopes in tree rings from Huangling, China, and climate variation. Science in China (Series D) 39: 152-161.

Leavitt, S.W., Follett, R.F. and Paul, E.A., 1996. Estimation of slow and fast-cycling organic carbon pools from 6N HCl hydrolysis. Radiocarbon 38: 231-239.

Leavitt, S.W., Paul, E.A., Pendall, E., Pinter, P.J. and Kimball, B.A., 1996. Field variability of carbon isotopes in soil organic carbon. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 123: 451-454.

1997

Leavitt, S.W., Paul, E.A., Galadima, A., Nakayama, F.S., Danzer, S.R., Johnson, H. and Kimball, B.A., 1997. Carbon isotopes and carbon turnover in cotton and wheat FACE experiments. Plant and Soil 187: 147-155.

Follett, R.F., Paul, E.A., Leavitt, S.W., Halvorson, A.D. and Peterson, G.A., 1997. Determination of soil organic matter pool sizes and dynamics: ¹³C/¹²C ratios of Great Plains soils in wheat-fallow cropping systems. Soil Science Society of America Journal 61: 1068-1077.

Bert, D., Leavitt, S.W. and Dupouey, J.-L., 1997. Variations of wood d¹³C and water-use efficiency of Abies alba during the last century. Ecology 78: 1588-1596.

Paul, E.A., Follett, R.F., Leavitt, S.W., Halvorson, A., Peterson, G. and Lyon, D., 1997. Determination of the pool sizes and dynamics of soil organic matter: Use of carbon dating for Great Plains soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 61:1058-1067.

Kochis, N.S. and Leavitt, S.W., 1997. Radon emanations from soil of Kenosha, Racine and Waukesha Counties, Southeastern Wisconsin. Geoscience Wisconsin 16:55-62.

Pewe, T.L., Berger, G.W., Westgate, J.A., Brown, P.M. and Leavitt, S.W., 1997. Eva Interglaciation Forest Bed, Unglaciated East Central Alaska: Global Warming 125,000 Years Ago. Geological Society of America Special Paper 319, 54 p.

Leavitt, S.W., 1997. Review of Nuclear Techniques in Soil-Plant Studies for Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Preservation by IAEA and FAO. Radiocarbon 39: 355.

1998

Shanley, J.B. and 25 other authors including Leavitt, S.W., 1998. Isotopes as indicators of environmental change. In Isotope Tracers in Catchment Hydrology, Kendall, C. and McDonnell, J.J., eds., pp. 762-816, Elsevier.

Thompson, T.L., White, S.A., Leavitt, S.W., Pendall, E., and Matthias, A.D., 1998. Nitrogen and carbon dynamics in a wheat agroecosystem under elevated atmospheric CO₂. In Proc. of the Dahlia Greidinger International Symposium on Fertilization and the Environment, Mordvelt, J.J, ed., pp. 182-192.

Leavitt, S.W., Wright, W.E. and Long, A., 1998. ENSO signal in d¹³C of pre‑ and post‑False Latewood of ponderosa Pine Tree Rings in Southeastern Arizona. Proceedings of 14th Annual Pacific Climate (PACLIM) Workshop, Wilson, R. and Tharp, V.L. (eds.), April 6-9, 1997, Two Harbors, Santa Catalina Island. Technical Report 57 of the Interagency Ecological Program for the Sacramento-San Joaquin Estuary, California Department of Water Resources, pp. 37-44.

Leavitt, S.W., 1998. Review of Global Continental Palaeohydrology by K.J. Gregory, L. Starkel, and V.R. Baker (eds.), Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 79: 665-666.

Leavitt, S.W., 1998. Review of Biogeochemistry, An Analysis of Global Change by W.H. Schlesinger, EOS (Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union) 79(2): 20.

1999

Leavitt, S.W., Wright, W.E. and Long, A., 1999. Evidence for ENSO in tree-ring d¹³C along a 500-km E-W transect in southern Arizona and New Mexico. Proceedings of the 15th Pacific Climate (PACLIM) Workshop, R. Wilson and L. Buffaloe (eds.), April 27-30, 1998. Technical Report 64 of the Interagency Ecological Program for the Sacramento-San Joaquin Estuary, California Department of Water Resources, pp. 61-67.

Wright, W.E., Leavitt, S.W., Long, A., 1999. ENSO teleconnections: Eastern Pacific Sea Surface temperature correlations with d¹⁸O in southeastern Arizona precipitation and tree cellulose. Proceedings of the 15th Pacific Climate (PACLIM) Workshop, R. Wilson and L. Buffaloe (eds.), April 27-30, 1998. Technical Report 64 of the Interagency Ecological Program for the Sacramento-San Joaquin Estuary, California Department of Water Resources, pp. 97-109.

Kimball, B.A., LaMorte, R.L., Pinter Jr., P.J., Wall, G.W., Hunsaker, D.J., Adamsen, F.J., Leavitt, S.W., Thompson, T.L., Matthias, A.D., and Brooks, T.J., 1999. Free-air CO₂ enrichment (FACE) and soil nitrogen effects on energy balance and evapotranspiration of wheat. Water Resour. Res. 35(4): 1179-1190.

Pendall, E., Betancourt, J.L. and Leavitt, S.W., 1999. Paleoclimatic significance of dD and d¹³C values in piñon pine needles from packrat middens spanning the last 40,000 years. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 147: 53-72.

Adamsen, F.J., Pinter, P.J., Barnes, E.M., LaMorte, R.L., Wall, G.W., Leavitt, S.W. and Kimball, B.A., 1999. Measuring wheat senescence with a digital camera. Crop Science 39: 719-724.

2000

Adam, N.R., Wall, G.W., Kimball, B.A., Pinter, P.J. Jr., LaMorte, R.L., Hunsaker, D.J., Adamsen, F.J., Thompson, T., Matthias, A.D., Leavitt, S.W., and Webber, A.N., 2000. Acclimation response of spring wheat in a free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) atmosphere with variable soil nitrogen regimes. I. Leaf position and phenology determine acclimation response. Photosynthesis Research 66: 65-77.

Brooks, T.J., Wall, G.W., Pinter, P.J., Kimball, B.A., LaMorte, R.L., Leavitt, S.W., Matthias, A.D., Adamsen, F.J., Hunsaker, D.J. and Webber, A.N., 2000. Acclimation response of spring wheat in a free-air CO₂ enrichment (FACE) atmosphere with variable soil nitrogen regimes: Canopy architecture and gas exchange. Photosynthesis Research 66(1-2): 97-108.

Hunsaker D.J., Kimball B.A., Pinter P.J., Wall G.W., LaMorte R.L., Adamsen F.J., Leavitt S.W.,Thompson T.L., Matthias A.D. and Brooks T.J., 2000. CO₂ enrichment and soil nitrogen effects on wheat evapotranspiration and water use efficiency. Agriculture and Forest Meteorology 104: (2) 85-105

Pinter Jr., P.J., Kimball, B.A., Wall, G.W., LaMorte, R.L., Hunsaker, D.J., Adamsen, F.J., Frumau, K.F.A., Vugts, H.F., Hendrey, G.R., Lewin, K.F., Nagy, J., Johnson, H.B., Wechsung, F., Leavitt, S.W., Thompson, T.L., Matthias, A.D., and Brooks, T.J., 2000. Free-air CO₂ enrichment (FACE): blower effects on wheat canopy microclimate and plant development. Agriculture and Forest Meteorology 103: 319-333.

Sinclair, T.R., Pinter Jr., P.J., Kimball, B.A., Adamsen, F.J., LaMorte, R.L., Wall, G.W., Hunsaker, D.J., Adam, N., Brooks, T.J., Garcia, R.L., Thompson, T., Leavitt, S., Matthias, A., 2000. Leaf nitrogen concentration of wheat subjected to elevated [CO₂] and either water or N deficiencies. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment 79: 53-60.

Wall, G.W., Adam, N.R., Brooks, T.J., Kimball, B.A., Pinter, P.J. Jr., LaMorte, R.L., Adamsen, F.J., Hunsaker, D.J., Wechsung, G., Wechsung, F., Grossman-Clarke, S., Leavitt, S.W., Matthias, A.D., Webber, A.N. Acclimation response of spring wheat in a free-air CO₂ enrichment (FACE) atmosphere with variable soil nitrogen regimes. 2. Net assimilation and stomatal conductance of leaves. Photosynthesis Research 66: 79-95.

Wechsung, F., Garcia, R.L., Wall, G.W., Kartschall, T., Kimball, B.A., Michaelis, P., Pinter Jr., P.J., Wechsung, G., Grossman-Clarke, S., LaMorte, R.L., Adamsen, F.J., Leavitt, S.W., Thompson, T.L., Matthias, A.D., and Brooks, T.J., 2000. Photosynthesis and conductance of spring wheat ears: field response to free-air CO₂ enrichment and limitations in water and nitrogen supply. Plant, Cell and Environment 23: 917-929.

2001

Cousins, A.B., Adam, N.R., Wall, G.W., Kimball, B.A., Pinter, P.J. Jr., Leavitt, S.W., LaMorte, R.L.,Matthias, A.D., Ottman, M.J., Thompson, T.L., and Webber, A.N., 2001. Reduced photorespiration and increased energy-use efficiency in young CO₂-enriched sorghum leaves. New Phytologist 150: 275-284.

Conley, M.M., Kimball, B.A., Brooks, T.J., Pinter, P.J., Hunsaker, D.J., Wall, G.W., Adam, N.R., LaMorte, R.L., Matthias, A.D., Thompson, T.L., Leavitt, S.W., Ottman, M.J., Cousins, A.B., and Triggs, J.M., 2001. CO₂ enrichment increases water-use efficiency in sorghum. New Phytologist 151: 407-412.

Danzer, S.R., Leavitt, S.W., Panyushkina, I., Mergner, A., Garcia, E. and Best-Svob, V., 2001. Xylem tracheid development in Pinus resinosa seedlings in controlled environments. Tree-Ring Research 57: 45-53.

Grant R.F., Kimball B.A., Brooks T.J., Wall G.W., Pinter P.J. Jr., Hunsaker D.J., Adamsen F.J., Lamorte R.L., Leavitt S.W., Thompson T.L., and Matthias A.D., 2001. Modeling interactions among carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and climate on energy exchange of wheat in a free air carbon dioxide experiment. Agronomy Journal 93(3): 638-649.

Hemming, D., Fritts, H., Leavitt, S.W., Wright, W., Long, A., Shashkin, A., 2001. Modelling tree-ring d¹³C. Dendrochronologia 19(1): 23-38.

Hemming, D., Jalkanen, R. and Leavitt, S.W., 2001. Preliminary relationships between climate and the apical extension, needle production and ring width of Pinus ponderosa in Arizona, USA. The Palaeobotanist 50(1): 125-131.

Kimball, B.A., Morris, C.F., Pinter, P.J. Jr., Wall, G.W., Hunsaker, D.J., Adamsen, F.J., LaMorte, R.L., Leavitt, S.W., Thompson, T.L., Matthias, A.D., and Brooks, T.J., 2001. Elevated CO₂, drought and soil nitrogen effects on wheat grain quality. New Phytologist 150: 295-303.

Leavitt, S.W., 2001. Seasonal response of d¹³C in Pinus resinosa Ait. seedling growth rings to changing environment in controlled growth experiments. Dendrochronologia 19(1): 9-22.

Leavitt, S.W. and Baisan, C.H., 2001. Variability of seasonal d¹³C patterns in Apache pine from southern Arizona, USA. The Palaeobotanist 50(1): 117-123.

Leavitt, S.W., Pendall, E., Paul, E.A., Brooks, T., Kimball, B.A., Pinter, P.J. Jr., Johnson, H.B., Matthias, A., Wall, G.W., and LaMorte, R.L., 2001. Stable-carbon isotopes and soil organic carbon in wheat under CO₂ enrichment. New Phytologist 150: 305-314.

Leavitt, S.W., Wright, W.E., Long, A. and Fritts, H., 2001. A century-length tree-ring d¹³C chronology from southeastern Arizona. Proceedings of 17th Annual Pacific Climate (PACLIM) Workshop, 22-25 May 2000, Two Harbors, Santa Catalina Island. Eds. West, G.J. and Buffaloe, L.D., Technical Report #67 of the Interagency Ecological Program for the San Francisco Estuary, pp. 11-18, March 2001.

Liu, Y., Ma, L., Hughes, M.K., Garfin-Woll, G.M., Cai, Q., An, Z., and Leavitt, S.W., 2001. Seasonal temperature reconstruction from central China based on tree ring data. The Palaeobotanist 50(1): 89-94.

Matthias, A.D., Leavitt, S.W., Thompson, T.L., Kimball, B.A., Pinter Jr., P.J., Wall, G.W., Rauschkolb, R.S., Ottman, R.L., Roth, R.L., Brooks, T.J., Adam, N.R., LaMorte, R.L., Wechsung, G., Wechsung, F., Adamsen, F.J., Williams, D.G., Nakayama, F.S., Hunsaker, D.J., Watson, J., White, S.A., and Welzmiller, J., 2001. Free-air CO₂ enrichment effects on wheat and sorghum at Maricopa, Arizona, USA. In Carbon Dioxide and Vegetation: Advanced International Approaches for Absorption of CO₂ and Responses to CO₂. National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. March 18, 1999, pp. 87-96.

Paul, E.A., Collins, H.P. and Leavitt, S.W., 2001. Dynamics of resistant soil carbon of Midwestern agricultural soils measured by naturally occurring ¹⁴C abundance. Geoderma 104: 239-256.

Pendall, E., Leavitt, S.W., Brooks, T., Kimball, B.A., Pinter, P.J. Jr., Wall, G.W., LaMorte, R.L., Wechsung, G., Wechsung, F., Adamsen, F., Matthias, A.D., Thompson, T.L., 2001. Elevated CO₂ stimulates soil respiration in a FACE wheat field. Basic and Applied Ecology 2: 193-201.

Ottman, M.J., Kimball, B.A., Pinter, P.J. Jr., Wall, G.W., Vanderlip, R.L., Leavitt, S.W., LaMorte, R.L., Matthias, A.D., and Brooks, T.J., 2001. Elevated increases sorghum biomass under drought conditions. New Phytologist 150: 261-273.

Rillig M.C., Wright S.F., Kimball B.A., Pinter P.J. Jr., Wall G.W., Ottman M.J., Leavitt S.W., 2001. Elevated carbon dioxide and irrigation effects on water stable aggregates in a sorghum field: a possible role for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Global Change Biology 7(3): 333-337.

Wall, G.W., Brooks, T.J., Adam, N.R., Cousins, A.B., Kimball, B.A., Pinter, P.J. Jr., LaMorte, R.L., Triggs, J., Ottman, M.J., Leavitt, S.W., Matthias, A.D., Williams, D.G., and Webber, A.N., 2001. Elevated atmospheric CO₂ improved sorghum plant water status by ameliorating the adverse effects of drought. New Phytologist 152: 231-248.

Williams, D.G., Gempko, V., Fravolini, A., Leavitt, S.W., Wall, G.W., Kimball, B.A., Pinter, P.J. Jr., LaMorte, R.L., and Ottman, M., 2001. Carbon isotope discrimination by Sorghum bicolor under CO₂ enrichment and drought. New Phytologist 150: 285-293.

Wright, W.E., Long, A., Comrie, S.W., Leavitt, S.W., Cavazos, T., and Eastoe, C., 2001. Monsoonal moisture sources revealed using temperature, precipitation, and precipitation stable isotope timeseries. Geophysical Research Letters 28: 787-790.

2002

Coltrain, J. and Leavitt, S.W., 2002. Climate and diet in Fremont prehistory: Economic variability and abandonment of maize agriculture in the Great Salt Lake Basin. American Antiquity 67: 453-485.

Cousins, A.B., Adam, N.R., Wall, G.W., Kimball, B.A., Pinter, P.J., Ottman, M.J., Leavitt, S.W., Webber, A.N, 2002. Photosystem II energy use, non-photochemical quenching and the xanthophyll cycle in Sorghum bicolor grown under drought and free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) conditions. Plant Cell and Environment 25: 1551-1559.

Leavitt, S.W., 2002. Editor’s Note. Tree-Ring Research. 58(1): 1

Leavitt, S.W., 2002. Prospects for reconstruction of seasonal environment from tree-ring d¹³C: Baseline findings from the Great Lakes area, U.S.A. Chemical Geology 192(1-2): 47-58.

Leavitt, S.W., Wright, W.E., Long, A., 2002. Spatial expression of ENSO, drought and summer monsoon in seasonal d¹³C of ponderosa pine tree rings in southern Arizona and New Mexico. J. Geophys. Res. 107 (D18) 4349, doi:10.1029/2001JD001312.

Pedicino, L.C., Leavitt, S.W., Betancourt, J.L. and Van de Water, P.K., 2002. Historical variations in d¹³C_leaf of herbarium specimens in the southwestern U.S. Western North American Naturalist 62: 348-359.

Terwilliger, V.J., Betancourt, J.L., Leavitt, S.W. and Van de Water, P.K., 2002. Leaf cellulose dD and d¹⁸O trends with elevation differ in direction among co-occurring, semi-arid plant species. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 66: 3887-3900.

Van de Water, P.K., Leavitt, S.W., Betancourt, J.L., 2002. Leaf d¹³C variability with elevation, slope aspect, and precipitation in the U.S. Southwest. Oecologia 132: 332-343.

2003

Cousins, A.B., Adam, N.R., Wall, G.W., Kimball, B.A., Pinter, P.J. Jr., Ottman, M.J., Leavitt, S.W., and Webber, A.N., 2003. Development of C4 photosynthesis in sorghum leaves grown under elevated CO₂. J. Exp. Botany 26: 1529-1539.

Derner, J.D., Johnson, H.B., Kimball, B.A., Pinter, P.J. Jr., Polley, H.W., Tischler, C.R., Boutton, T.W., LaMorte, R.L., Wall, G.W., Adam, N.R., Leavitt, S.W., Ottman, M.J., Matthias, A.D. and Brooks, T.J., 2003. Above- and belowground responses of C₃-C₄ species mixtures to elevated CO₂ and soil water availability. Global Change Biology. 9: 452-460.

Leavitt, S.W., Idso, S.B., Kimball, B.A., Burns, J.M., Sinha, A. and Stott, L., 2003. The effect of long-term atmospheric CO₂ enrichment on the intrinsic water-use efficiency of sour orange trees. Chemosphere: Global Change Science 50(2): 217-222.

Pataki D.E., Ellsworth, D.S., Evans, R.D., Gonzalez-Meler, M., King, J., Leavitt, S.W., Lin, G., Matamala, R., Pendall, E., Siegwolf, R., van Kessel, C., Ehleringer, J.R., 2003. Tracing changes in ecosystem function under elevated carbon dioxide conditions. Bioscience 53: 805-818.

2004

Follett, R.F., Kimble, J., Leavitt, S.W. and Preussner, E., 2004. Potential use of soil C isotope analyses to evaluate paleoclimate. Soil Science 169: 471-488.

Grant, R.F., Kimball, B.A., Wall, G.W., Triggs, J.M., Brooks, T.J., Pinter, P.J. Jr., Conley, M.M., Ottman, M.J., Lamorte, R.L., Leavitt, S.W., Thompson, T.L. and Matthias, A.D. 2004. Modeling elevated carbon dioxide effects on water relations, water use, and growth of irrigated sorghum. Agronomy Journal 96: 1693-1705.

Liu, Y., Ma, L., Leavitt, S.W., Cai, Q., and Liu, W., 2004. Seasonal precipitation reconstruction from tree-ring stable carbon isotopes at Mt. Helan, China, since AD 1804. Global and Planetary Change 41: 229-239.

Panyushkina, I.P., Leavitt, S.W., Wiedenhoeft, A., Noggle S., Curry, B. and Grimm, E., 2004. Tree-ring records of near-Younger Dryas time in Central N. America- Preliminary results from the Lincoln Quarry site, central Illinois, USA. Radiocarbon 46: 933-941.

Robertson, I., Loader, N.J., McCarroll, D., Carter, A.H.C., Cheng, L., Leavitt, S.W. 2004. d¹³C of tree-ring lignin as an indirect measure of climate change. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 4: 531–544.

Tarhule, A. and Leavitt, S.W., 2004. Stable-Carbon Isotope Composition in Annual Rings of Isorberlinia doka, Daniella Oliveri, and Tamarindus indica and West African Climate. Dendrochronologia 22: 61-70.

Triggs, J.M., Kimball, B.A., Pinter, P.J. Jr., Wall, G.W., Conley, M.M., Brooks, T.J., Lamorte, R.L., Adam, N.R., Ottman, M.J., Matthias, A.D., Leavitt, S.W., Cerveny, R.S. 2004. Free-air CO2 enrichment effects on the energy balance and evapotranspiration of sorghum. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 124: 63-79.

2005

Adamsen, F.J., Wechsung, G., Wechsung, F., Wall, G.W., Kimball, B.A., Pinter, P.J. Jr., LaMorte, R.L., Garcia, R.L., Hunsaker, D.J. and Leavitt, S.W. 2005. Temporal changes in soil and biomass nitrogen for irrigated wheat grown under free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE). Agronomy Journal 97: 160-168.

Li, Z.-H., Leavitt, S.W., Mora, C.I., Liu, R.-M., 2005. Influence of earlywood-latewood size and isotope differences on long-term tree-ring d¹³C trends. Chemical Geology 216: 191-201.

Pendall, E., Williams, D.G. and Leavitt, S.W., 2005. Comparison of measured and modeled variations in piñon pine leaf water isotopic enrichment across a summer moisture gradient. Oecologia 145-605-618.

Garfin, G.M., Hughes, M.K., Yu, L., Burns, J.M., Touchan, R., Leavitt, S.W., Zhisheng, An, 2005. Exploratory temperature and precipitation reconstructions from the Qinling Mountains, north-central China. Tree-Ring Research 61: 59-72.

2006

Benz, B., Cheng, L., Leavitt, S.W., and Eastoe, C., 2006. El Riego and early maize agricultural evolution. IN Histories of Maize, Staller, J., Tykot, R. and Benz, B. (eds.), Ch. 5, pp. 73-82.

Leavitt, S.W., Panyushkina, I.P., Lange, T., Wiedenhoeft, A., Cheng, L., Hunter, R.D., Hughes, J., Pranschke, F., Schneider, A.F., Moran, J., and Stieglitz, R., 2006. Climate in the Great Lakes region between 14,000 and 4,000 years ago from isotopic composition of conifer wood. Radiocarbon 48: 205-217.

Hunter, R.D., Panyushkina, I.P., Leavitt, S.W., Wiedenhoeft, A.C. and Zawiskie, J., 2006. A multiproxy environmental investigation of Holocene wood from a submerged conifer forest in Lake Huron, USA. Quaternary Research 66: 67-77.

Wall, G.W., Garcia, R.L., Kimball, B.A., Hunsaker, D.J., Pinter, Jr., P.J., Long, S.P., Osborne, C.P., Hendrix, D.L., Wechsung, F., Wechsung, G., Leavitt, S.W., LaMorte, R.L., and Idso, S.B., 2005. Interactive Effects of Elevated CO₂ and Drought on Wheat. Agronomy Journal 98: 354-381.

Wright, W.E. and Leavitt, S.W. 2006, Needle cell elongation and maturation timing derived from pine needle cellulose d¹⁸O. Plant, Cell and Environment 29: 1-15.

Wright, W.E. and Leavitt, S.W. 2006. Seasonal humidity reconstructed from a tree-cellulose d18O time series. Journal of Geophysical Research 111: D18105, doi:10.1029/2005JD006806. 

2007

Cheng, L., Leavitt, S.W., Kimball, B.A., Pinter, P.J. Jr., Ottman, M.J., Matthias, A., Wall, G.W., Brooks, T., Williams, D.G., and Thompson, T.L., 2007. Dynamics of labile and recalcitrant soil carbon pools in a sorghum free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) agroecosystem. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 39(9): 2250-2263.

Leavitt, S.W., 2007. Review of TRACE- Tree Rings in Archaeology, Climatology and Ecology. Tree-Ring Research 63(1): 63-64.

Leavitt, S.W., Chase, T.N., Rajagopalan, B., Lee, E., Lawrence, P.J., Woodhouse, C.A., 2007. Southwestern U.S. drought maps from pinyon tree-ring carbon isotopes. Eos Tran. Am. Geophys. Union 88(4): 39-40 (Jan. 23, 2006).

Leavitt, S.W., 2007. Regional Expression of the 1988 U.S. Midwest Drought in Seasonal d¹³C of Tree Rings. Journal of Geophysical Research- Atmospheres 112, D06107, doi:10.1029/2006JD007081.

Leavitt, S.W., Follett, R.F., Kimble, J.M., and Pruessner, E.G., 2007. Radiocarbon and d¹³C depth profiles of soil organic carbon in the U.S. Great Plains: A possible spatial record of paleoenvironment and paleovegetation. Quaternary International 162–163: 21–34.

Leavitt, S.W., Panyushkina, I.P., Lange, T., Cheng, L., Schneider, A.F., Hughes, J., 2007. Radiocarbon “wiggles” in Great Lakes wood ca. 10,000 to 12,000 B.P. Radiocarbon 49(2):855-864.

Mode, W.N., Panyushkina, I.P., Leavitt, S.W., Williams, J.W., Sanitiago, A., Gill, J., Edwards, C., Gertz, H., 2007. Stop 9. Late-glacial and early Holocene paleoecology: Schneider farm, Calumet County. In: Late-Glacial History of East-central Wisconsin. 53rd Midwest Friends of the Pleistocene Field Conference Guidebook, May 18-20, Wis. Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey, Madison. Ed. T.S. Hooyer, pp. 53-60.

Panyushkina, I.P., Leavitt, S.W., 2007. Insights into Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene paleoecology from fossil wood around the Great Lakes region. In: Late-Glacial History of East-central Wisconsin. 53rd Midwest Friends of the Pleistocene Field Conference Guidebook, May 18-20, Wis. Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey, Madison. Ed. T.S. Hooyer, pp. 47-57.

2008

Anchukaitis, K.J., Evans, M.N., Lange, T., Smith, D.R., Leavitt, S.W., and Schrag, D.P., 2008. Purity and isotopic results from a rapid cellulose extraction method. Analytical Chemistry 80(6): 2035-2041.

Haavik, L., Stephen, F., Fierke, M., Salisbury, V., Leavitt, S.W. and Billings, S., 2008. Tree-ring δ¹³C and historic growth patterns as indicators of Northern red oak (Quercus rubra Fagaceae) susceptibility to red oak borer (Enapholodes rufulus (Haldeman) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)). Forest Ecology and Management. 255:1501–1509.

Knapp, A.K., Beier, C., Briske, D., Classen, A.T., Luo, Y., Reichstein, M., Smith, M.D., Smith, S.D., Bell, J.E., Fay, P.A., Heisler, J.L., Leavitt, S.W., Sherry, R., Smith, B., and Weng, E., 2008. Consequences of more extreme precipitation regimes for terrestrial ecosystems. BioScience 58(9): 811-821.

Leavitt, S.W., 2008. Tree-ring isotopic pooling without regard to mass: No difference from averaging δ¹³C values of individual trees. Chemical Geology 252:52–55.

Leavitt, S.W., Chase, T.N., Rajagopalan, B., Lee, E., Lawrence, P.J., 2008. Southwestern U.S. tree-ring carbon isotope indices as a possible proxy for reconstruction of greenness of vegetation. Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 35, L12704, doi:10.1029/2008GL033894.

Panyushkina, I.P., Leavitt, S.W., Thompson, T.A., Schneider, A.F., Lange, T., 2008. Environment and paleoecology of a 12 ka mid-North American Younger Dryas forest chronicled in tree rings. Quaternary Research 70:433-441.

Robertson, I., Leavitt, S.W., Loader, N.J. and Buhay, B., 2008. Progress in isotope dendroclimatology. Chemical Geology 252: EX1-EX4 (editorial)

Tardif, J.C., Conciatori, F., Leavitt, S.W., 2008. Tree rings, δ¹³C and climate in Picea glauca growing near Churchill, subarctic Manitoba, Canada. Chemical Geology 252:88-101.

Williams, A.P., Still, C.J., Fischer, D.T., and Leavitt, S.W., 2008. The influence of summertime fog and overcast clouds on the water relations of a coastal Californian pine: A tree-ring study. Oecologia 156(3):601-611.

2009

Leavitt, S.W., 2009. Carbon isotopes- stable. IN Encyclopedia of Paleoclimatology and Ancient Environments (Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series), Gornitz, Vivien (Ed.), pp. 133-136. ISBN: 978-4020-4551-6, 1049 p.

Leavitt, S.W., 2009. Editor’s Note. Tree-Ring Research 65(1): 3.

Leavitt, S.W. and Bannister, B., 2009. Dendrochronology and radiocarbon dating: The Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research connection. Radiocarbon 51:373-384.

Leavitt, S.W., Follett, R.F., 2009. Stable-carbon isotopes of U.S. Great Plains soils and climate events during the Holocene. SSSA Special paper. Ch. 14, pp. 223-232, Soil Carbon Sequestration and the Greenhouse Effect, 2nd edtion, edited by Rattan Lal, Ronald F. Follett, SSSA Special Publ. 57.

Pewe, T.L., Westgate, J.A., Preece, S.J., Brown, P.M. and Leavitt, S.W., 2009. Late Pliocene Dawson Cut Forest Bed and new tephrochronological findings in the Gold Hill Loess, east-central Alaska. GSA Bulletin 121(1/2):294–320, DOI: 10.1130/B26323.1.

Porteaus, F., Hill, J., Ball, A.S., Pinter, P.J., Kimball, B.A., Wall, G.W., Adamsen, F.J., Hunsaker, D.J. , LaMorte, R.L., Leavitt, S.W., Thompson, T.L., Matthias, A.D., Brooks, T.J., Morris, C.F., 2009. Effect of Free Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FACE) on the chemical composition and nutritive value of wheat grain and straw. Animal Feed Science and Technology 149:322–332.

Schneider, A.F., Leavitt, S.W., and Lange, T., 2009. Stratigraphy, age and flora of the Southport forest bed, Southeastern Wisconsin. Journal of Great Lakes Research 35: 538–547.

2010

Bale, R.J., Robertson, I., Leavitt, S.W., Loader, N.J., Harlan, T.P., Gagen, M.H., Young, G.H.F., Csank, A.Z., Froyd, C.A., McCarroll, D., 2010. Temporal stability in bristlecone pine tree-ring d¹⁸O chronologies over the last two centuries. The Holocene 20(1):3-6.

Leavitt, S.W., Treydte, K., Yu, L., 2010. Environment in time and space: Opportunities from tree-ring isotope networks. IN Understanding Movement, Pattern, and Processes on Earth Through Isotope Mapping, West, J.B.; Bowen, G.J.; Dawson, T.E.; Tu, K.P. (eds.), Ch. 6, Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 113-135.

Kagawa, A., Leavitt, S.W., 2010. Stable carbon isotopes of tree rings as a tool to pinpoint timber geographic origin. J. of Wood Science, doi: 10.1007/s10086-009-1085-6. Special Issue “Wood Science and Technology for Mitigation of Global Warming”.

PAPERS PRESENTED AT SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS SINCE 1990-

1990

Leavitt, S.W., 1990. The Great Lakes forest fires of October 8-10, 1871. American Geophysical Union Chapman Conference on Global Biomass Burning, March 19-23, Williamsburg, Virginia.

Leavitt, S.W., 1990. Isotopes and trace elements in tree rings. Conference on "Tree Rings and Environment", September 3-9, Ystad, Sweden. (keynote talk)

Leavitt, S.W., 1990. Stable-carbon isotope time series from tree rings of Two Creeks wood (ca. 11,800 yr BP). Conference on "Tree Rings and Environment", September 3-9, Ystad, Sweden.

Leavitt, S.W. and Danzer, S.R., 1991. d¹³C variations in C₃ plants over the past 50,000 years. 14th International Radiocarbon Conference, May 10-14, Tucson, Arizona.

1991

Leavitt, S.W. and Kalin, R.M., 1991. A new tree-ring width, d¹³C and ¹⁴C investigation of the Two Creeks type locality. 14th International Radiocarbon Conference, May 10-14, Tucson, Arizona.

Leavitt, S.W., 1991. Environmental information from ¹³C/¹²C ratios of wood. American Geophysical Union Chapman Conference on Continental Isotopic Indicators of Climate, June 10-14, Jackson Hole, Wyoming.

Betancourt, J.L., Swetnam, T.W., Leavitt, S.W. and Cayan, D.R., 1991. Global survey of large historic wildfires: their climatologies and contributions to biomass burning. 10th International Symposium on Environmental Biogeochemistry, August 18-25, San Francisco, California.

Van de Water, P.K., Leavitt, S.W., and Betancourt, J.L., 1991. Ecophysiological responses to CO₂ enrichment during deglaciation: stomatal densities and ¹³C/¹²C from leaves in packrat middens. Geological Society of America, Ann. Mtg., October, San Diego, California.

Leavitt, S.W., 1991. Wet Medieval Warm Period reflected in d¹³C of bristlecone pine rings. Workshop on the Medieval Warm Period, November 5-8, Tucson, Arizona.

1992

Leavitt, S.W. and Danzer, S.D., 1992. Seasonal d¹³C changes in growth rings of red pine seedlings from in vivo experiments. 15th Annual Symposium in Plant Physiology, January 9-11, UC-Riverside, California.

1993

Leavitt, S.W., Paul, E.A., Kimball, B.A., Hendrey, G.R. and Galadima, A., 1993. Isotopic composition of soils and respired CO₂ from free-air CO₂ enrichment (FACE) experiments. Workshop on Belowground Responses to Rising CO₂: Implications for Plants, Soil Biota and Ecosystem Processes, May 29-June 4, University of Michigan Biological Station, Pellston.

Leavitt, S.W. and Danzer, S.R., 1993. Seasonal d¹³Cvariation in growth rings of trees at three sites in the upper Midwest. Ecological Society of America Annual Meeting, July 31-August 4, Madison, Wisconsin.

1994

Johnson, H.B., Kimball, B., and Leavitt, S., 1994. Carbon isotope assessment of intrinsic water use efficiency of C₃ plants in two FACE experiments. Ecological Society of America Annual Meeting, Knoxville, Tennessee, August 7-11. Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 75: 122-123 (supplement part 2).

Leavitt, S.W., 1994. Shifting 1988-89 Mid-North American Drought Evidenced in Seasonal d¹³C in Tree Rings. International Conference on Tree Rings, Environment and Society, Tucson, May 17-21.

Leavitt, S.W., 1994. Estimation of slow and fast-cycling soil organic carbon pools from 6N HCl hydrolysis. Workshop on Radiocarbon in Soils, Glasgow, Scotland, August 13.

Leavitt, S.W., Liu, Y., Hughes, M.K., Liu, R., An, Z., Gutierrez, G.M., Danzer, S.R., and Shao, X., 1994. A single-year d¹³C chronology from Pinus tabulaeformis (Chinese pine) tree rings at Huangling, China. 15th Int. Radiocarbon Conference, Glasgow, Scotland, August 15-19.

Kalin, R.M., Leavitt, S.W., Edwards, T., Jull, T., and Jirikowic, J., 1994. Carbon and oxygen isotopic record of the Two Creeks floating chronology: Rapid climate change at the beginning of the Allerod. International Conference on Tree Rings, Environment and Society, Tucson, May 17-21.

Pendall, E., Betancourt, J.L., Leavitt, S.W., and Toolin, L.J., 1994. Pleistocene-Holocene moisture conditions inferred from H and C stable isotopes in plant matter. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, December 5-9, EOS (Nov. 1, 1994, supplement): 349

Van de Water, P.K., Leavitt, S.W., and Betancourt, J.L., 1994. Trends in stomatal density and ¹³C/¹²C ratios of Pinus flexilis needles during the last glacial-interglacial cycle. Ecological Society of America Annual Meeting, Knoxville, Tennessee, August 7-11, Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 75: (supplement part 2).

1995

Leavitt, S.W., Hughes, M.K., Liu, Y., An, Z., 1995. Stable-carbon isotope tree-ring chronologies from Xian, China. International Workshop on Asian and Pacific Dendrochronology, Tsukuba, Japan, March 4-9.

Leavitt, S.W. and Johnson, H.B., 1995. Carbon isotopes in FACE studies at Maricopa, Arizona: Applications, problems and comparisons. 2nd European FACE Workshop, Isle of Vilm, Germany, April 9-13.

Leavitt, S.W., 1995. FACE experiments at Maricopa. Department of Energy, Terrestrial Carbon Processes Science Team Meeting, Manhattan, Kansas, July 25-27.

Leavitt, S.W., 1995. Carbon isotopes and carbon turnover in cotton and wheat FACE experiments. GCTE Foci 1 & 3 Workshop on "Plant-Soil Carbon Below Ground: The Effects of Elevated CO₂", Oxford, England, Sept. 20-23.

Pendall, E. and Leavitt, S., 1995. Seasonal dynamics of stable isotopes in soil water, pinyon sap, and precipitation across a climatic transect. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA.

1996

Betancourt, J.L., Rylander, K.A., Whitham, T., Leavitt, S.W., Van de Water, P.K. and Pedicino, L., 1996. Stand-level variations in d¹³C of pinyon pine leaf cellulose at Sunset Crater, Arizona: Implications for the fossil record. American Quaternary Association, Annual Meeting, Flagstaff, AZ, 20-22 May.

Van de Water, P.K., Leavitt, S.W. and Betancourt, J.L., 1996. d¹³C variability in modern Atriplex; Implications for reconstructing d¹³C of past atmospheres. American Quaternary Association, Annual Meeting, Flagstaff, AZ, 20-22 May.

Leavitt, S.W., Farrell, M.R., Davis, O., Edwards, R.L. and Cheng, H., 1996. Age and isotopic variation in a Holocene layered desert tufa deposit from Picacho Peak, Arizona. American Quaternary Association, Annual Meeting, Flagstaff, AZ, 20-22 May.

Pendall, E., Betancourt, J. and Leavitt, S.W., 1996. Do D/H ratios in fossil cellulose reflect temperature variations? American Quaternary Association, Annual Meeting, Flagstaff, AZ, 20-22 May.

Wright, W.E., Leavitt, S.W. and Long, A., 1996. Stable-oxygen analysis of Ponderosa pine tree rings as a proxy for temperature and moisture source in southern Arizona. American Quaternary Association, Annual Meeting, Flagstaff, AZ, 20-22 May.

Pendall, E.G. and Leavitt, S., 1996. Isotopic tracers of water movement through the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. Conference on Stable Isotopes and the Integration of Biological, Ecological and Geochemical Processes, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, 9-11 July.

Leavitt, S.W., Long, A., Wright, W.E., 1996. Spring and summer water status in Pinus ponderosa from pre- and post-false latewood d¹³C. Ecological Society of American Annual Meeting, Providence, RI, 10-14 August.

Pendall, E. and Leavitt, S., 1996. Stable isotopic tracers of water flux through pinyon pines across a climatic transect. Ecological Society of American Annual Meeting, Providence, RI, 10-14 August.

Leavitt, S.W., Paul, E.A. and Pendall, E., 1996. Field variability of carbon isotopes in soil organic carbon. 7th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Tucson, AZ, 20-24 May.

Leavitt, S.W., Pendall, E., Brooks, T., Paul, E.A., Kimball, B. and Johnson, H., 1996. Carbon Isotopes and SOC in 1995‑96 Wheat FACE Experiments at Maricopa, Arizona. FACE Science Conference, Durham, NC, 17-20 November.

Pendall, E. and Leavitt, S.W., 1996. Soil CO₂ dynamics during the 1995-96 FACE wheat experiment. FACE Science Conference, Durham, NC, 17-20 November.

Pinter, P.J., Kimball, B.A., Leavitt, S.W., Wall, G.W., Adamsen, F.J., Hunsaker, D.J. and LaMorte, R.L., 1996. Interactive effects of free-air CO₂ and soil nitrogen on agronomic and biophysical characteristics of spring wheat. American Society of Agronomy Annual Meeting, Indianapolis, IN, 3-8 November.

Kimball, B.A., LaMorte, R.L., Pinter, P.J., Wall, G.W., Leavitt, S.W., Hunsaker, D.J., Adamsen, F.J. and Brooks, T.J., 1996. Free-air CO₂ and soil nitrogen effects on energy balance and evapotranspiration of wheat. American Society of Agronomy Annual Meeting, Indianapolis, IN, 3-8 November.

Brooks, T.J., Wall, G.W., Kimball, B.A., Pinter, P.J., Kartschall, T., Leavitt, S.W., Adamsen, F.J. and LaMorte, R.L., 1996. Effects of nitrogen stress on canopy photosynthesis, leaf photosynthesis, and canopy greenness for wheat grown under free-air CO₂ enriched conditions. American Society of Agronomy Annual Meeting, Indianapolis, IN, 3-8 November.

Wall, G.W., Brooks, T.J., Kimball, B.A., LaMorte, R.L., Adamsen, F.J., Pinter, P.J. and Leavitt, S.W., 1996. Gas exchange rates of spring wheat leaves grown under free-air CO₂ enrichment and variable soil nitrogen regimes. American Society of Agronomy Annual Meeting, Indianapolis, IN, 3-8 November.

1997

Leavitt, S.W., Wright, W.E. and Long, A., 1997. ENSO signal in d¹³C of pre- and post-false latewood of ponderosa pine tree rings in southeastern Arizona. 14th Pacific Climate Workshop, Santa Catalina Island, CA, 6-9 April.

Leavitt, S.W., Pendall, E., Brooks, T., Kimball, B. and Johnson, H., 1997. Carbon isotopes and soil organic carbon in 1995-1996 wheat free-air carbon dioxide enrichment experiments at Maricopa, Arizona. 7th Annual V.M. Goldschmidt Conference, 2-6 June, Tucson. LPI Contribution No. 921, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, pp. 123-124.

Pendall, E. and Leavitt, S.W., 1997. El Niño's winter precipitation recorded in cellulose deuterium/hydrogen ratios. 7th Annual V.M. Goldschmidt Conference, 2-6 June, Tucson. LPI Contribution No. 921, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, pp. 161-162.

Pendall, E., Leavitt, S.W., Brooks, T. and Kimball, B., 1997. Enhanced soil respiration and decomposition under elevated carbon dioxide. 7th Annual V.M. Goldschmidt Conference, 2-6 June, Tucson. LPI Contribution No. 921, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, p. 162.

Wright, W.E., Leavitt, S.W. and Long, A., 1997. Intra-annual measurements of d¹⁸O compared with d¹³C in tree cellulose: A unique record reflecting either physiological responses or challenging fundamental assumptions. 7th Annual V.M. Goldschmidt Conference, 2-6 June, Tucson. LPI Contribution No. 921, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, pp. 221-222.

Pendall, E. and Leavitt, S.W., 1997. El Niño's winter precipitation recorded in cellulose D/H. 82nd Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America, 10-14 August. Albuquerque.

Wright, W.E., Leavitt, S.W. and Long, A., 1997. Stable-oxygen analysis of ponderosa pine tree rings: A proxy for temperature and moisture source or for relative humidity and transpirations? 82nd Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America, 10-14 August, Albuquerque.

Leavitt, S.W., Drake, B.G., Matamala, R. and Hungate, B., 1997. Stable-carbon isotope tracing of carbon input to soils of wetland communities under CO₂ enrichment. 82nd Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America, 10-14 August. Albuquerque.

Pedicino, L.C., Betancourt, J.L., Leavitt, S.W., Van de Water, P.K., 1997. Leaf d¹³C responses of seven southwestern plant species to climate and CO₂ enrichment during the last 100 years. 82nd Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America, 10-14 August. Albuquerque.

Van de Water, P.K., Leavitt, S.W. and Betancourt, J.B., 1997. Inter- and intra-plant variability of carbon isotopes and the packrat midden record. 82nd Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America, 10-14 August. Albuquerque.

1998

Leavitt, S.W., Wright, W.E. and Long, A., 1998. Evidence for ENSO in tree-ring d¹³C along a 500-km transect in southern Arizona and New Mexico. 15th Pacific Climate Workshop, Santa Catalina Island, CA, 27-29 April.

Wright, W.E., Leavitt, S.W. and Long, A., 1998. ENSO Teleconnections: SOI/NINO3,4 SST correlations with southeastern Arizona climate, d¹⁸O in precipitation, and d¹³C in tree cellulose. 15th Pacific Climate Workshop, Santa Catalina Island, CA, 27-29 April.

1999

Brooks, T.J., Wall, G.W., Pinter, P.J. Jr., Kimball, B.A., Triggs, J.M., Adam, N.A., Leavitt, S.W., LaMorte, 1999. Effects of free-air CO2 enrichment on sorghum canopy photosynthesis and architecture. Western Photosynthesis Conference, Asilomar Conference Center, Pacific Grove, CA, 7-10 Jan.

Matthias, A.D., Leavitt, S.W., Thompson, T.L., Kimball, B.A., Pinter Jr., P.J., Wall, G.W., Rauschkolb, R.S., Ottman, R.L., Roth, R.L., Brooks, T.J., Adam, N.R., LaMorte, R.L., Wechsung, G., Wechsung, F., Adamsen, F.J., Williams, D.G., Nakayama, F.S., Hunsaker, D.J., Watson, J., White, S.A., and Welzmiller, J., 1999. Free-air CO₂ enrichment effects on wheat and sorghum at Maricopa, Arizona, USA. International Symposium on Carbon Dioxide and Vegetation - Advanced International Approaches for Absorption of Carbon Dioxide and Responses to Carbon Dioxide. National Institute of Environmental Sciences in Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. March 18.

Ottman, M.J., Pinter, P.J., Kimball, B.A., Vanderlip, R.L., Wall, G.W., Leavitt, S.W., LaMorte, R.L., Waichulatis, S., 1999. Elevated CO₂ effects on sorghum growth and yield. American Society of Agronomy 91st Annual Meeting, 31 Oct.-4 Nov., Salt Lake City.

Leavitt, S.W., Cheng, L., Brooks, T., Matthias, A.D., Williams, D.G., Thompson, T., Kimball, B., Pinter, P., 1999. Elevated CO₂ and limited water supply effects on carbon processes and sequestration in a C4 grass (sorghum) ecosystem- Soil carbon. American Society of Agronomy 91st Annual Meeting, 31 Oct.-4 Nov., Salt Lake City.

Hemming, D.L., Fritts, H.C., Leavitt, S.W., Wright, W.E. and Long, A., 1999. Modelling tree ring d¹³C. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, 13-17 December, San Francisco.

Wright, W.E., Long, A., Comrie, A.C., Cavazos, T. and Leavitt, S.W., 1999. The North American Monsoon: Eastern Pacific atmospheric circulation, seas surface temperature, and d¹⁸O in terrestrial precipitation. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, 13-17 December, San Francisco.

Brooks, T.J., Wall., G.W., Pinter, P.J., Kimball, B.A., Triggs, J.M., Adam, N.A., Leavitt, S.W. and LaMorte, R.L., 1999. Effects of free-air CO₂ enrichment on sorghum canopy photosynthesis and architecture. 8th Western Photosynthesis Conference, 7-10 January, Pacific Grove, CA.

2000

Hemming, D., Fritts, H.C., Leavitt, S.W., Wright, W.E., Long, A. and Shashkin, A., 2000.Incorporating stable isotopes in the 'TreeRing 2000' model of tree-ring formation. International Conference on Dendrochronology for the Third Millenium, 2-7 April, Mendoza, Argentina. (proceedings abstracts, p. 62)

Leavitt, S.W., 2000. Seasonal response of d¹³C in Pinus resinosa ait. Seedling growth rings to changing environments in controlled growth experiments. International Conference on Dendrochronology for the Third Millenium, 2-7 April, Mendoza, Argentina. (proceedings abstracts, p. 65)

Leavitt, S.W., Wright, W.E. and Long, A., 2000. Seasonal d¹³C variability in ponderosa pine tree rings in southern Arizona and New Mexico. International Conference on Dendrochronology for the Third Millenium, 2-7 April, Mendoza, Argentina. (proceedings abstracts, p. 64)

Leavitt, S.W., Wright, W.E. and Long, A., 2000. Seasonal water status in carbon-13/carbon-12 ratios of ponderosa pine tree rings from S. Arizona and New Mexico. AGU Fall Meeting, 15-19 December 2000, San Francisco, CA. (Eos, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, v. 80, n. 48, p. F460 (abstr.)

Leavitt, S.W., Wright, W.E., Long, A. and Fritts, H.C., 2000. A century-length d¹³C chronology from southeastern Arizona. 17th Pacific Climate Workshop, Santa Catalina Island, CA, 22-25 May.

Wright, W.E., Leavitt, S.W. and Long, A., 2000. Can stable oxygen isotopes in precipitation and post-false latewood tree-ring cellulose indicate inter-annual changes in North American monsoonal circulation? International Conference on Dendrochronology for the Third Millenium, 2-7 April, Mendoza, Argentina. (proceedings abstracts, p. 74)

2001

Wright, W.E., Long, A., Comrie, A.C., Leavitt, S.W., Cavazos, T., Eastoe, C. 2001. North American Monsoonal Moisture Sources and Climatic Teleconnections Revealed Using Precipitation Stable Isotope Timeseries. 12th Symposium on Global Change Studies and Climate Variations, Session 9: North American Monsoon. 13-18 January, Albuquerque, NM.

Leavitt, S.W., Betancourt, J., Pendall, E., Van de Water, P.K., Pedicino, L., Terwilliger, V., 2001. Multifaceted studies of isotopic variability in leaves and wood of southwestern pinyon and juniper. Biocomplexity in Pinyon-Juniper Woodlands, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, 29-31 January.

Hemming, D., Fritts, H., Leavitt, S., Wright, W., Shashkin, Long, A., 2001. A process model of tree-ring d¹³C, d¹⁸O and dD applied to 20^th Century ponderosa pine growth in southern Arizona. 18th Pacific Climate Workshop, Asilomar Conference Center, Pacific Grove, CA, 18-21 March.

Leavitt, S.W., Wright, W.E. and Long, A., 2001. Stable isotopes, tree rings and the southwestern Monsoon. 18th Pacific Climate Workshop, Asilomar Conference Center, Pacific Grove, CA, 18-21 March.

Leavitt, S.W., 2001. The carbon isotope composition of soil: Insight from the Maricopa FACE experiments. FACE Isotope Tracer Workshop, Duke University, N.C., 18-21 October.

Kimball, B.A., Triggs, J.M., Pinter, P.J. Jr., Wall, G.W., Ottman, M.J., Leavitt, S.W., Matthias, A.D., and Brooks, T.J., 2001. Free-air CO₂ enrichment of sorghum: Energy balance and evapotranspiration. ASA Annual Meeting, Charlotte, NC, October.

Wright, W.E., Leavitt, S.W., 2001. The potential of tree-ring d¹⁸O as a proxy for mean northward moisture transport during and immediately following the North American Monsoon. NOAA 26th Annual Climate Diagnostics and Prediction Workshop, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California, 22-26 October.

Leavitt, S.W., 2001. Carbon isotopes as an indicator of plant water-use efficiency. First International Agave-Tequila Symposium, Irapuato, Mexico, 12-17 November.

Leavitt, S.W., 2001. Isotopes as indicators of product source and authenticity. First International Agave-Tequila Symposium, Irapuato, Mexico, 12-17 November.

Lin, G., Ellsworth, D.S., Kubiske, M., Leavitt, S.W., Smith, S.D., van Kessel, C., Pendall, E., Siegwolf, R., van Caemmerer, S., 2001. Effects of atmospheric [CO₂] on carbon isotope fractionation and time-integrated Ci/Ca ratios in C3 plants: A synthesis. History of Atmospheric CO₂ and the Impacts on Plants, Animals and Ecosystems- An Open Symposium, Snowbird, Utah, 6-8 December.

2002

Cheng, L., Leavitt, S.W., Brooks, T. J., Matthias, A.D., Williams, D.G., Thompson, T.L., Kimball, B.A., Wall, G.W., Pinter Jr., P.J., 2002. Seasonal soil respiration and soil CO₂ under elevated CO₂ in a C4-sorghum agroecosystem. Ecological Society of America Annual Meeting, 4-9 August, Tucson.

Leavitt, S.W., 2002. Moisture availability and water-use efficiency in d¹³C of pine tree rings of the U.S. Southwest. 6^th International Conference on Dendrochronology, Quebec City, Canada, 22-27 August.

Leavitt, S.W., Wright,W.E., Hemming, D., Long, A., 2002. Micro-variation of d¹³C in tree rings of ponderosa pine from S. Arizona. Ecological Society of America Annual Meeting, 4-9 August, Tucson.

Wright,W.E., Leavitt, S.W., 2002. d¹⁸O Variation in Pinus ponderosa needle subdivisions from two growing seasons. Ecological Society of America Annual Meeting, 4-9 August, Tucson.

Wright,W.E., Leavitt, S.W., 2002. Specific humidity reconstruction in the semi-arid southwestern United States using cellulose oxygen isotope ratios. 6^th International Conference on Dendrochronology, Quebec City, Canada, 22-27 August.

Morris, S.J., Leavitt, S.W., Gregorich, E.G., and Paul, E.A., 2002. Role of resistant fractions in soil C sequestration. Ecological Society of America Annual Meeting, 4-9 August, Tucson.

Panyushkina, I.P., Leavitt, S.W. and Noggle, S., 2002. A tree-ring study of wood of possible Younger Dryas age from central Illinois. 6^th International Conference on Dendrochronology, Quebec City, Canada, 22-27 August.

Leavitt, S.W., Panyushkina, I.P., Noggle, S. and Wiedenhoeft, A., 2002. A tree-ring study of wood of possible Younger Dryas age from central Illinois. Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, Denver, CO, 27-30 October.

Robertson, I., Loader, N.J., McCarroll, D., Carter, A.H.C., Cheng, L. and Leavitt, S.W., 2002. d¹³C of tree-ring lignin as an indirect measure of climate change. BIOGEOMON 4^th Int. Symp. on Ecosystem Behavior, University of Reading, UK, 17-22 August.

Ballantyne, A.P., Baker, P.A., Jackson, R., Silman, M., Evans, M. and Leavitt, S.W., 2002. Oxygen isotopes and ring widths in the tropical tree species Polylepis tarapacana as proxies of past precipitation in the tropical Andes of South America. American Geophysical Union Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 9-13 December, Eos Trans. AGU, 83(47), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract PP51B-11.

Follett, R.F., Kimble, J.M., Leavitt, S.W. and Preussner, E.G., 2002. The potential use of soil-C isotope analyses to evaluate paleoclimate. American Geophysical Union Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 9-13 December, Eos Trans. AGU, 83(47), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract B52A-0731.

Kimball, B.A., Triggs, J.M., Pinter, P.J. Jr., Wall, G.W., Ottman, M.J., Leavitt, S.W., Matthias, A.D. and Brooks, T.J., 2002. Free-air CO₂ enrichment of sorghum: Energy balance and evapotranspiration. ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meeting, Indianapolis, Indiana, 10-14 November.

2003

Cheng, L., Martens, D., Leavitt, S.W., Kimball, B.A., Matthias, A.D., Ottman, M.J., Williams, D.G., Wall, G.W. and Pinter, P.J., Jr., 2003. Free Air-CO₂ Enrichment (FACE) of C4-Sorghum: Biochemical Composition and Decomposition of Sorghum Tissues Grown Under Elevated CO₂. ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meeting, Denver, Colorado, 2-6 November.

Follett, R. F., Leavitt, S. W., Kimble, J. M., and Pruessner, Elizabeth G., 2003. Paleoenvironmental inferences from d¹³C of soil organic carbon in ¹⁴C-dated profiles in the U.S. Great Plains. XVI INQUA Congress, Reno, NV, 23-30 July.

Panyushkina, I.P. and Leavitt, S.W., 2003. Tree-ring investigation of the Younger Dryas in the U.S. upper Midwest. XVI INQUA Congress, Reno, NV, 23-30 July.

Pinter, P.J. Jr., Kimball, B. A., LaMorte, R. L., Rokey, R. R., Maneely, S. M., Wall, G. W., Leavitt, S. W., Ottman, M. J., 2003. Will rising levels of atmospheric CO₂ affect NDVI predictions of APAR? ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meeting, Denver, Colorado, 2-6 November.

Leavitt, S. and Panyushkina, I., 2003. Tree-ring records of near-Younger Dryas time in the U.S. Upper Midwest. 18^th International Radiocarbon Conference, Wellington, New Zealand, 1-5 September 2003.

Leavitt, S., Follett, R., Kimble, J. and Pruessner, E., 2003. Paleoenvironmental inferences from d¹³C of soil organic carbon in ¹⁴C-dated profiles in the U.S. Great Plains. 18^th International Radiocarbon Conference, Wellington, New Zealand, 1-5 September 2003.

Leavitt, S.W., 2003. Stable-carbon isotope inferences from the Maricopa FACE Experiments. ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meeting, Denver, Colorado, 2-6 November.

Li, Z.-H., Leavitt, S.W., Mora, C. I. and Liu, R.-M., 2003. Evidence that earlywood-latewood size and isotope differences can influence long-term tree-ring d¹³C trends. Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, Seattle, WA, 2-5 November.

2004

Leavitt, S.W., “Tracing a d¹³C Pulse from Canopy to Growth Rings of a Ponderosa Pine Tree near Tucson, Arizona”, Mini-Workshop on Pine Trees, Weizmann Institute, Israel, 14March.

Benz, B.F., Leavitt, S.W., Eastoe, C., and Cheng, L., 2004. Prehistoric Maize Evolution in Mexico. Society for American Archaeology 69^th Annual Meeting, Montreal, Québec, 31 March-4 April 2004.

Leavitt, S.W., 2004. Tree-Ring Isotope Rhythms: Climate and Dating from the Bands. AAAS Pacific Division, 85^th Annual Meeting, Utah State University, Logan, 13–17 June 2004, Symposium on
“Lords of the Rings: Dendrochronology Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow”.

Panyushkina, I.P. and Leavitt, S.W., 2004. High-resolution records of the Pleistocene-Holocene transition from tree rings in central North America. American Quaternary Association Biennial Meeting, Lawrence, Kansas, 26-28 June 2004.

Leavitt, S.W., 2004. Stable-carbon isotopes in tree rings and the prospect that trees are increasing water-use efficiency world-wide. Tree Rings and Climate: Sharpening the Focus, Tucson, Arizona, 6–9 April 2004

Van de Water, P. K., Betancourt, J.L., and Leavitt, S.W., 2004. Distribution patterns and carbon acquisition physiology of the C4 shrubs Atriplex spp. in the southwestern USA across the last glacial-interglacial cycle. Geological Society of America Ann. Meeting, Denver, CO, 2-7 November 2004.

Leavitt, S.W., Panyushkina, I.P., and Lange, T.E., 2004. Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene forests from the Great Lakes Region, USA: Preliminary radiocarbon and stable-isotope results. Geological Society of America Ann. Meeting, Denver, CO, 2-7 November 2004.

Cheng, L., Leavitt, S.W., Kimball, B.A., Pinter Jr., P.J., Ottman, M.J., Matthias, A.D., Wall, G.W., Brooks, T. J., Williams, D.G., Thompson, T.L., 2004. Dynamics of labile and recalcitrant soil carbon pools in a sorghum Free-Air CO₂ Enrichment (FACE) agroecosystem. EOS Trans. AGU, 85(47), Fall Meeting Supplement, Abstract B13C-0242.

2005

Williams, P., Still, C., Fischer, D., Leavitt, S., 2005. Fog and Vegetation on the California Channel Islands: A Tree Ring and Satellite Analysis, AGU Fall Meeting (5-9 Dec.), Eos Trans. AGU, 86(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract B11A-1009.

Leavitt, S.W., 2005. Regional Expression of the 1988 U.S. Midwest Drought in Seasonal Stable-Carbon Isotope Patterns of Tree Rings, Eos Trans. AGU, AGU Fall Meeting (5-9 Dec.), 86(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract H33B-1385

Panyushkina, I.P., Leavitt, S.W., Lange, T., Schneider, A.F., 2005, Tree-Ring Investigation of an in situ Younger Dryas-Age Spruce Forest in the Great Lakes Region of N. America, AGU Fall Meeting (5-9 Dec.), Eos Trans. AGU, 86(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract PP13A-1484.

Harold C. Fritts, Alex V. Shashkin, Debbie L. Hemming, Steven W. Leavitt,William Edward Wright, Geoff Downes, 2005 “Advances in process-based modelling of the softwood cambium” IUFRO, "Connection between Forest Resources and Wood Quality : Modelling Approaches and Simulation software", Waiheke Island Resort, New Zealand, November 20-27, 2005.

2006

Panyushkina, I.P., Leavitt, S.W., 2006. Late Glacial-Early Holocene Climate Variability in the Great Lakes Region from Tree Rings. AMQUA Program and Abstracts, 19th Biennial Meeting, Bozeman, Montana, August 17-20, 2006, p. 137.

Leavitt, S.W., 2006. Recent Advances and Progress in Stable Isotope Dendrochronology. 7^th International Conference on Dendrochronology, Beijing, China, 11-17 June 2006.

Leavitt, S.W., Isotopic Pooling vs. Separate Analysis with Averaging: The Fallacy of a Significant Difference. 7^th International Conference on Dendrochronology, Beijing, China, 11-17 June 2006.

Tardif, J.C., Conciatori, F. and Leavitt, S.W., 2006. Ring width, δ¹³C and climate in Picea glauca growing near Churchill, subarctic Manitoba and north central Canada. 7^th International Conference on Dendrochronology, Beijing, China, 11-17 June 2006.

Wright, W.E. and Leavitt, S.W., 2006. Boundary layer humidity reconstructed from δ¹⁸O in summer wood of Pinus arizonica from the United States Southwest. 7^th International Conference on Dendrochronology, Beijing, China, 11-17 June 2006.

Leavitt, S.W., Panyushkina, I.P. and Lange, T. 2006. Radiocarbon “Wiggles” in Great Lakes Wood ca.10,000 to 12,000 BP. 19^th International Radiocarbon Conference, 3-7 April 2006

Leavitt, S.W., 2006. Tree Rings and Water. EPRECOT (Effects of Precipitation Change On Terrestrial ecosystems) Workshop, Elsinore, Denmark, 22-25 May 2006.

Billings, S., Haavik, L., Stephen, F., Fierke, M., Salisbury, V., Leavitt, S., 2006. Dendrochronological parameters of northern red oak (Quercus rubra Fagaceae) subjected to a major forest disturbance (red oak borer, Enapholodes rufulus). International Union of Forest Researchers’ Organization. Canopy Processes traveling meeting in northeastern United States, October 2006.

Williams, A.P., Still, C.J., Fischer, D.T., Leavitt, S.W., 2006. Teasing Foggy Memories out of Pines on the California Channel Islands Using Tree-Ring Width and Stable Isotope Approaches. AGU Fall Meeting (11-15 Dec.) Eos Trans. AGU, 87(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract B23C-1

2007

Leavitt, S.W., 2007. Current Approaches for Sampling-What is important and desirable for future advances. ESF Stable Isotopes in Biospheric-Atmospheric Exchange (SIBAE) Program Workshop on Stable Isotopes in Dendroclimatology Current Status and Future Prospects, Potsdam, Germany, 12-16 Feb. 2007.

Williams, A.P., Still, C.J., Fischer, D.T. Leavitt, S.W., 2007. Tree rings indicate summertime stratus clouds as important sources of pre-dawn and afternoon shade for coastal vegetation in California. PACLIM, Pacific Grove, California, 13-16 May 2007.

Williams, A.P., Still, C.J., Fischer, D.T. Leavitt, S.W., 2007. Using tree-ring width data from 1000 sites to predict how American forests will respond to climate change, AGU Meeting Dec. 10-14, 2007, San Francisco.

2008

Leavitt, S.W., 2008. Current advances in tree-ring isotope dendrochronology and reconstruction of climatic conditions in recent centuries. Geol. Assoc. Canada Annual Meeting, 26-28 May 2008. SY4: Recent advances in isotopic reconstruction of climatic changes over the last centuries - temperature and precipitation series, Quebec City, 26 May 2008.

Leavitt, S.W., 2008. Environment in time and space: Opportunities from tree-ring isotope networks. Isoscapes2008, April 7 - 10, 2008, Santa Barbara, CA.

Williams A.P., Still, C.J., Fischer, D.T. Leavitt, S.W., 2008. The influence of summertime fog and overcast clouds on the growth of a coastal Californian pine: a tree-ring study. The 7^th California Islands Symposium, Feb. 5-7, 2008, Oxnard, CA.

Csank, A.Z., Leavitt, S.W., Woodhouse, C., Bauer, B., 2008. The ITRIDB a proposed new international database for tree-ring isotopic data. AmeriDendro 2008, 23-27 June 2008, Vancouver, British Columbia.

2009

Leavitt, S.W., Panyushkina, Irina P., Schneider, Allan F., 2009. Ancient wood in the Great Lakes region: A significant paleoenvironment and paleoecology resource. North-Central Section, GSA 42nd Annual Meeting, 2-3 April 2009, Rockford, IL, GSA Abstracts with Programs Vol. 41, No. 4.

Mode, W. N., Edwards, C. J., Gertz, H. M., Hooyer, T. S., Panyushkina, I. P., Leavitt, S. W., Williams, J. W., Santiago, A., Gill, J., 2009. Paleoenvironmental record from a late glacial to early Holocene beaver pond in east-central Wisconsin. . North-Central Section, GSA 42nd Annual Meeting, 2-3 April 2009, Rockford, IL, GSA Abstracts with Programs Vol. 41, No. 4.

Leavitt, S.W., Woodhouse, C.A., Meko, D.M., Touchan, R., 2009. Tree-ring carbon isotopes in the U.S. Southwest: Inference of moisture and monsoon. PACLIM Workshop, April 19-22, 2009, Asilomar Conference Grounds, Pacific Grove, CA.

Griffin, D., Meko, D.M., Touchan,R., Woodhouse, C.A., Leavitt, S.W., Castro, C.L., 2009. Tree rings nd monsoon season rainfall variability in the Southwestern US: Strategies for sensitive chronology development. AGU Fall Meeting (14-18 Dec.) Eos Trans. AGU, 90(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract H53E-0986.

Woodhouse, C.A., Meko, D.M.,  Touchan, R.,  Leavitt, S.W.,  Griffin, D., Castro, C.L.,  Ciancarelli, B., 2009. North American Monsoon Variability from Instrumental and Tree-Ring Data: A Progress Report. AGU Fall Meeting (14-18 Dec.) Eos Trans. AGU, 90(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract H41K-02.

Van de Water, Peter K., Leavitt, Steven W., Jull, A.J.T., Squire, Joe, Testa, Nick, 2009. Tree boles revealed in Pacific Northwest landslide deposits provide tree-ring record for period prior to deglaciation. GSA National Meeting, Portland, OR, 18-21 October 2009.

Ciancarelli, B., Castro, C., Woodhouse, C., Meko, D., Touchan, R., Leavitt, S.W., Griffin, D., 2009. Use of tree ring and long-term precipitation records to characterize warm season climate variability in the Southwest U.S. The Fifth Symposium on Southwest Hydrometeorology, Albuquerque, NM, Sept. 30- Oct. 1, 2009.

2010

A. A. Knorre, A. V. Kirdyanov, M. Saurer, R. T. Siegwolf, M. V. Bryukhanova, A. M. Grachev, E. P. Chebykin, E. L. Goldberg, I. P. Panyushkina, S. W. Leavitt, and E. A. Vaganov, 2010. Investigating tree-ring isotopes and trace elements in larch to determine links with climate in Southern Siberia. Poster 72 in 22nd Conference on Climate Variability and Change, American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting, Atlanta, GA, 16-21 January 2010.

Griffin, D., Castro, C.L., Ciancarelli, B., Leavitt, S.W., Meko, D.M., Touchan, R., and C.A. Woodhouse, 2010. Tree rings and North American monsoon variability in the southwestern United States. Poster at WorldDendro 2010: The 8th International Conference on Dendrochronology, Rovaniemi, Finland, June 13-18, 2010.