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TITLE- Professor of Dendrochronology, Laboratory of
Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson,
AZ 85721
(Phone 520-621-6468; FAX 520-621-8229; e-mail sleavitt@ltrr.arizona.edu)
EDUCATION-
May 1982 Ph.D. Geosciences. University of Arizona,
Tucson
(Dissertation
title: Inference of past atmospheric d13C and PCO2 from 13C/12C measurements in
tree rings)
Aug 1977 M.S. Environmental
Sciences. University of Virginia, Charlottesville
(Thesis
title: Soil-plant relationships of nutrient and non-nutrient metals in Louisa
Co., Virginia)
June 1971 B.S. Geology. University of Illinois,
Urbana
(Thesis
title: The geology and genesis of magmatic iron deposits at Kiruna and Gellivare, Sweden,
and Iron Mountain, Missouri)
PROFESSIONAL BACKGROUND-
Jan 2008 to present Associate Director, Laboratory of
Tree-Ring Research
Jul 1996 to present Professor, University of Arizona
Jul 1992 to Jul 1993 Acting Director, Laboratory of Tree-Ring
Research
Aug 1990 to Jun 1996 Associate Professor of Dendrochronology,
University of Arizona
Jul 1989 to Aug 1990 Associate Professor of Geology, University
of Wisconsin-Parkside
Aug 1984 to Jul 1989 Assistant Professor of Geology, University
of Wisconsin-Parkside
Jun 1982 to Jul 1984 Post-doc Research Assoc., University of Arizona,
Dept. of Geosciences
TEACHING EXPERIENCE-
The Weather, Earth & Man,
Environmental Earth Science, Geochemistry, Environmental Geology,
Hydrogeology, Dendrochronology, Senior Seminar, Mineralogy, Petrology,
Introduction to Global Change, Tree Rings as Chronometers, Dendrochronology:
Biological Applications, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Introduction to Global
Change (Nats101).
RESEARCH SUMMARY-
Dr. Leavitt's
research centers on past, present and future global change, and is variously
involved with light stable-isotope analysis of tree rings, native plant
leaves, crop plants, and geological materials. Dr. Leavitt has used the stable-isotope
composition (d13C and d18O) of modern
tree-ring chronologies from the Southwest, South America and China
to calibrate and infer responses with respect to climate and atmospheric
chemistry changes. Plant materials from
packrat middens and herbaria were used as recorders of morphological and
ecophysiologial plant response to CO2 changes over the past 40,000
years. Dr. Leavitt has been involved
in the highly replicated FACE (Free-Air CO2 Enrichment)
experiments conducted at the Maricopa
Agricultural Center
to assess the impact of CO2 fertilization on organic soil carbon
pools. Dr. Leavitt's ongoing
investigations include isotope dendrochronology research on wood from ancient
buried forests and high-resolution environmental variability in the US Great
Lakes region from 4000 to 14,000 years ago, paleoclimate signals in a desert
tufa deposit in southern Arizona, environmental changes in the US Great
Plains inferred from soil carbon isotopes, and global carbon cycle in geologic
time and the recent imbalance from anthropogenic effects, including possible
modification of plant water-use efficiency.
PROFESSIONAL
ACTIVITIES-
Membership: The
Geochemical Society, American Geophysical Union, The Tree-Ring Society, American
Quaternary Association (executive council member), Ecological Society of
America
Editor: Tree-Ring Research (2002-present);
Editorial Board: Radiocarbon;
Communicating Editor: Trees-Structure
and Function (2006-present)
Ad Hoc manuscript peer review for 25 different journals &
proposal review for 10 agencies since 1994
SERVICE SUMMARY-
Dr. Leavitt routinely
contributes to intramural service at the Department, College and University
levels through membership on several committees. Most notable among these was service on the
Provost's University Promotion and Tenure Committee (1996-99). Dr. Leavitt also served as Chairman of the
Global Change Interdisciplinary Program from which the Global Change Ph.D.
Minor is administered (1997-99). Dr.
Leavitt's outreach activities include general talks to service organizations,
and lecturing at a "Stable Isotope Ecology Course" held at the
University of Utah in June (1996-2005, except 2000).
CURRENT AND RECENT SUPPORT (>$10K)-
Co-PI IALC (Intl. Arid Lands Consortium), “Climate Response of Growth and Water Use in
Semi-Arid Pine Forest”, with Dan Yakir (PI), Dec 1, 2003, to Nov. 30, 2005,
ca. $100K.
Co-PI NSF, "High-resolution Younger Dryas
environmental Variability: A Comprehensive Assessment from Mid-North America
Tree Rings" with Irina Panyushkina (PI), Jul. 1, 2002, to June 30, 2005, ca. $220K
PI NSF, "Tree-Ring Formation,
Isotopes, and El Niño in Ponderosa Pine of the Southwest", with Austin
Long, Hal Fritts, Wm. E. Wright (co-PIs), Oct. 1, 1998, to Sept. 30, 2001 (Extended to Sept. 30, 2002), ca. $310K.
Co-PI NSF, "An Isotope Ratio Mass
Spectrometer for the Biological Sciences", with Dave Williams (PI) and
Jay Quade, Dave Dettman, and Carlos del Rio
(co-PIs), July 2000 to June 2002, $207K
Co-PI NSF, "Technician Support: Mass
Spectrometry Laboratories", with Andy Cohen (PI), Jay Quade, Dave
Williams (co-PIs), July 2000 to June 2002, $124K.
PI USDA, NRI, "Elevated CO2
and Limited Water Supply Effects on Carbon Processes and Sequestration in C4
Grass (Sorghum) Ecosystem", with Michael Ottman, Allan Matthias, Thomas
Thompson, David Williams and Robert Roth (co-PIs), November 1, 1997, to Oct.
31, 2000 (Extended to Oct. 31,
2001), USDA-NRI-97-35109-5065, $505.7K.
PI USDA, ARS, "Soil Carbon
Sequestration and Age in the Historic Grasslands of North
America", March 18,
1997 to Nov. 2000, $24.87K.
SELECTED RECENT PUBLICATIONS (of 100
in all categories since 1979)-
2008
Anchukaitis,
K.J., Evans, M.N., Lange, T., Smith, D.R., Leavitt, S.W., and Schrag, D.P., 2008. Purity and isotopic
results from a rapid cellulose extraction method. Analytical Chemistry
80(6): 2035-2041.
Haavik, L., Stephen, F., Fierke, M., Salisbury, V., Leavitt,
S.W. and Billings,
S., 2008. Tree-ring δ13C and historic growth patterns as
indicators of Northern red oak (Quercus
rubra Fagaceae) susceptibility to red oak borer (Enapholodes rufulus (Haldeman) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)). Forest Ecology and Management. 255:1501–1509.
Leavitt, S.W., 2008. Tree-ring isotopic pooling
without regard to mass: No difference from averaging δ13C values
of individual trees. Chemical
Geology 252:52–55. doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.01.014
Leavitt, S.W., Chase, T.N., Rajagopalan, B., Lee,
E., Lawrence,
P.J., 2008. Southwestern U.S. tree-ring
carbon isotope indices as a possible proxy for reconstruction of greenness of
vegetation. Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 35, L12704,
doi:10.1029/2008GL033894.Robertson, I., Leavitt, S.W., Loader, N.J. and Buhay,
B., 2008. Progress in isotope dendroclimatology. Chemical Geology 252:
EX1-EX4 (editorial)
Tardif,
J.C., Conciatori, F., Leavitt, S.W.,
2008. Tree rings, δ13C and climate in Picea glauca growing near Churchill, subarctic Manitoba,
Canada. Chemical Geology 252:88-101. doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.01.015
2007
Leavitt,
S.W., 2007. Review of
TRACE- Tree Rings in Archaeology, Climatology and Ecology. Tree-Ring Research 63(1): 63-64.
Leavitt, S.W., Chase, T.N.,
Rajagopalan, B., Lee, E., Lawrence, P.J., Woodhouse, C.A., 2007. Southwestern
U.S. drought maps from pinyon tree-ring carbon isotopes. Eos
Tran. Am. Geophys. Union 88(4): 39-40 (Jan. 23, 2006).
Leavitt, S.W., 2007.
Regional Expression of the 1988 U.S.
Midwest Drought in Seasonal d13C of Tree Rings. Journal of
Geophysical Research- Atmospheres 112, D06107, doi:10.1029/2006JD007081.
Leavitt,
S.W., Follett, R.F.,
Kimble, J.M., and Pruessner, E.G.,
2007. Radiocarbon and d13C depth profiles of soil organic carbon
in the U.S.
Great Plains: A possible spatial record of
paleoenvironment and paleovegetation. Quaternary International
162–163: 21–34.
Mode, W.N., Panyushkina, I.P., Leavitt, S.W., Williams, J.W.,
Sanitiago, A., Gill, J., Edwards, C., Gertz, H., 2007. Stop 9. Late-glacial and early Holocene
paleoecology: Schneider farm, Calumet
County. In:
Late-Glacial History of East-central Wisconsin.
53rd Midwest Friends of the Pleistocene Field Conference Guidebook, May
18-20, Wis.
Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey, Madison. Ed. T.S. Hooyer, pp. 53-60. (PDF)
Panyushkina, I.P., Leavitt, S.W., 2007. Insights into Late Pleistocene/Early
Holocene paleoecology from fossil wood around the Great
Lakes region. In:
Late-Glacial History of East-central Wisconsin.
53rd Midwest Friends of the Pleistocene Field Conference Guidebook, May
18-20, Wis.
Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey, Madison. Ed. T.S. Hooyer, pp. 47-57.
2006
Benz, B.,
Cheng, L., Leavitt, S.W., and
Eastoe, C., 2006. El Riego and early maize agricultural evolution. IN Histories
of Maize, Staller, J., Tykot, R. and Benz, B. (eds.), Ch. 5, pp. 73-82.
Leavitt, S.W.,
Panyushkina, I.P., Lange, T., Wiedenhoeft, A., Cheng, L., Hunter, R.D.,
Hughes, J., Pranschke, F., Schneider, A.F., Moran,
J., and Stieglitz, R., 2006. Climate in the Great Lakes
region between 14,000 and 4,000 years ago from isotopic composition of
conifer wood. Radiocarbon 48: 205-217.
Hunter,
R.D., Panyushkina, I.P., Leavitt, S.W.,
Wiedenhoeft, A.C. and Zawiskie, J., 2006. A multiproxy environmental
investigation of Holocene wood from a submerged conifer forest in Lake Huron, USA. Quaternary Research
66: 67-77.
Wall, G.W.,
Garcia, R.L., Kimball, B.A., Hunsaker, D.J., Pinter, Jr., P.J., Long, S.P.,
Osborne, C.P., Hendrix, D.L., Wechsung, F., Wechsung, G., Leavitt, S.W., LaMorte, R.L., and
Idso, S.B., 2005. Interactive Effects
of Elevated CO2 and Drought on Wheat. Agronomy Journal 98: 354-381.
Wright, W.E.
and Leavitt, S.W. 2006, Needle cell
elongation and maturation timing derived from pine needle cellulose d18O. Plant,
Cell and Environment 29:
1-15.
Wright, W.E. and Leavitt, S.W. 2006. Seasonal humidity reconstructed from a tree-cellulose d18O time series. Journal of Geophysical Research 111: D18105, doi:10.1029/2005JD006806.
2005
Adamsen, F.J.,
Wechsung, G., Wechsung, F., Wall, G.W., Kimball, B.A., Pinter, P.J. Jr.,
LaMorte, R.L., Garcia, R.L., Hunsaker, D.J. and Leavitt, S.W. 2005. Temporal changes in soil and biomass
nitrogen for irrigated wheat grown under free-air carbon dioxide enrichment
(FACE). Agronomy Journal 97:
160-168.
Li, Z.-H., Leavitt, S.W., Mora, C.I., Liu, R.-M., 2005. Influence of
earlywood-latewood size and isotope differences on long-term tree-ring d13C trends. Chemical Geology 216:
191-201.
Pendall, E., Williams, D.G. and Leavitt, S.W., 2005. Comparison of
measured and modeled variations in piñon pine leaf water isotopic enrichment
across a summer moisture gradient. Oecologia 145-605-618.
Garfin,
G.M., Hughes, M.K., Yu, L., Burns, J.M., Touchan, R., Leavitt, S.W., Zhisheng, An, 2005. Exploratory temperature and precipitation
reconstructions from the Qinling Mountains, north-central China. Tree-Ring Research 61: 59-72.
2004
Follett, R.F., Kimble, J., Leavitt, S.W. and Preussner, E.,
2004. Potential use of soil C isotope analyses to evaluate paleoclimate. Soil
Science 169: 471-488.
Grant, R.F., Kimball, B.A., Wall, G.W., Triggs, J.M., Brooks,
T.J., Pinter, P.J. Jr., Conley, M.M., Ottman, M.J., Lamorte, R.L., Leavitt, S.W., Thompson, T.L. and
Matthias, A.D. 2004. Modeling
elevated carbon dioxide effects on water relations, water use, and growth of
irrigated sorghum. Agronomy
Journal 96: 1693-1705.
Liu, Y.,
Ma, L., Leavitt, S.W., Cai, Q.,
and Liu, W., 2004. Seasonal precipitation
reconstruction from tree-ring stable carbon isotopes at Mt. Helan, China,
since AD 1804. Global and Planetary Change 41: 229-239.
Panyushkina, I.P., Leavitt, S.W., Wiedenhoeft, A., Noggle S., Curry, B. and Grimm, E., 2004. Tree-ring records of
near-Younger Dryas time in Central N. America- Preliminary results from the
Lincoln Quarry site, central Illinois, USA.
Radiocarbon 46: 933-941
Robertson, I., Loader,
N.J., McCarroll, D., Carter, A.H.C., Cheng, L., Leavitt, S.W. 2004.
d13C of tree-ring lignin as an indirect measure of climate
change. Water, Air and Soil
Pollution 4: 531–544.
Tarhule, A. and Leavitt, S.W., 2004. Stable-Carbon
Isotope Composition in Annual Rings of Isorberlinia
doka, Daniella Oliveri, and Tamarindus indica and West African
Climate. Dendrochronologia 22: 61-70.
Triggs, J.M., Kimball, B.A., Pinter,
P.J. Jr., Wall, G.W., Conley, M.M., Brooks, T.J.,
Lamorte, R.L., Adam, N.R., Ottman, M.J., Matthias, A.D., Leavitt, S.W., Cerveny, R.S. 2004. Free-air CO2
enrichment effects on the energy balance and evapotranspiration of sorghum. Agricultural
and Forest Meteorology 124:
63-79.
2003
Cousins,
A.B., Adam, N.R., Wall, G.W., Kimball, B.A., Pinter, P.J. Jr., Ottman, M.J., Leavitt, S.W., and Webber, A.N.,
2003. Development of C4 photosynthesis
in sorghum leaves grown under elevated CO2. J. Exp. Botany 26: 1529-1539.
Derner,
J.D., Johnson, H.B., Kimball, B.A., Pinter, P.J. Jr., Polley, H.W., Tischler,
C.R., Boutton, T.W., LaMorte, R.L., Wall, G.W., Adam, N.R., Leavitt, S.W., Ottman, M.J.,
Matthias, A.D. and Brooks, T.J., 2003.
Above- and belowground responses of C3-C4 species mixtures to elevated CO2 and soil water availability. Global Change Biology. 9: 452-460.
Leavitt, S.W., Idso, S.B., Kimball, B.A., Burns,
J.M., Sinha, A. and Stott, L., 2003.
The effect of long-term atmospheric CO2 enrichment on the
intrinsic water-use efficiency of sour orange trees. Chemosphere: Global Change Science
50(2): 217-222.
Pataki D.E., Ellsworth, D.S., Evans,
R.D., Gonzalez-Meler, M., King, J., Leavitt,
S.W., Lin, G., Matamala, R., Pendall, E., Siegwolf, R., van Kessel, C.,
Ehleringer, J.R., 2003. Tracing changes in ecosystem function under
elevated carbon dioxide conditions. Bioscience
53: 805-818.
SELECTED RECENT CONFERENCE/WORKSHOP PRESENTATIONS
(*=Invited)
2008
*Leavitt, S.W., 2008.
Current advances in tree-ring isotope dendrochronology and
reconstruction of climatic conditions in recent centuries. Geol. Assoc. Canada Annual Meeting, 26-28
May 2008. SY4: Recent advances in
isotopic reconstruction of climatic changes over the last centuries -
temperature and precipitation series, Quebec
City, 26 May 2008.
*Leavitt,
S.W., 2008. Environment in time
and space: Opportunities from tree-ring isotope networks. Isoscapes2008,
April 7 - 10, 2008, Santa Barbara,
CA.
2007
*Leavitt, S.W., 2007.
Current Approaches for Sampling-What is important and desirable for future
advances. ESF Stable Isotopes in
Biospheric-Atmospheric Exchange (SIBAE) Program Workshop on Stable Isotopes
in Dendroclimatology Current Status and Future Prospects, Potsdam, Germany,
12-16 Feb. 2007.
Williams,
A.P., Still, C.J., Fischer, D.T. Leavitt,
S.W., 2007. Tree rings indicate summertime stratus clouds as important
sources of pre-dawn and afternoon shade for coastal vegetation in California. PACLIM, Pacific Grove, California,
13-16 May 2007.
2006
Panyushkina,
I.P., Leavitt, S.W., 2006. Late
Glacial-Early Holocene Climate Variability in the Great
Lakes Region from Tree Rings. AMQUA Program and Abstracts, 19th
Biennial Meeting, Bozeman,
Montana, August 17-20, 2006, p.
137.
*Leavitt, S.W., 2006. Recent Advances and Progress
in Stable Isotope Dendrochronology. 7th
International Conference on Dendrochronology, Beijing, China,
11-17 June 2006.
Leavitt,
S.W., Isotopic Pooling
vs. Separate Analysis with Averaging: The Fallacy of a Significant
Difference. 7th
International Conference on Dendrochronology, Beijing, China,
11-17 June 2006.
Tardif,
J.C., Conciatori, F. and Leavitt, S.W.,
2006. Ring width, δ13C
and climate in Picea glauca growing near Churchill, subarctic Manitoba and north central Canada. 7th
International Conference on Dendrochronology, Beijing, China,
11-17 June 2006.
Wright, W.E.
and Leavitt, S.W., 2006. Boundary layer humidity reconstructed from δ18O
in summer wood of Pinus arizonica from the United States Southwest.
7th International Conference on Dendrochronology, Beijing, China,
11-17 June 2006.
Leavitt,
S.W., Panyushkina,
I.P. and Lange, T. 2006. Radiocarbon “Wiggles” in Great Lakes Wood ca.10,000 to 12,000 BP. 19th
International Radiocarbon Conference, 3-7 April 2006
*Leavitt, S.W., 2006. Tree Rings and
Water. EPRECOT (Effects of Precipitation Change On
Terrestrial ecosystems) Workshop, Elsinore,
Denmark,
22-25 May 2006.
Billings, S., Haavik, L., Stephen, F., Fierke, M.,
Salisbury, V., Leavitt, S.,
2006. Dendrochronological parameters of
northern red oak (Quercus rubra
Fagaceae) subjected to a major forest disturbance (red oak borer, Enapholodes rufulus). International Union of Forest
Researchers’ Organization. Canopy
Processes traveling meeting in northeastern United States, October 2006.
Williams, A.P., Still, C.J., Fischer, D.T., Leavitt, S.W., 2006. Teasing Foggy
Memories out of Pines on the California Channel Islands Using Tree-Ring Width
and Stable Isotope Approaches. AGU Fall Meeting (11-15 Dec.) Eos Trans.
AGU, 87(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract B23C-1
2005
Williams, P., Still, C., Fischer, D., Leavitt, S., 2005. Fog and Vegetation on the California
Channel Islands: A Tree Ring and Satellite
Analysis, AGU Fall Meeting (5-9 Dec.), Eos Trans. AGU, 86(52), Fall Meet. Suppl.,
Abstract B11A-1009.
Leavitt, S.W., 2005. Regional Expression of the 1988
U.S. Midwest Drought in Seasonal Stable-Carbon Isotope Patterns of Tree
Rings, Eos Trans. AGU,
AGU Fall Meeting (5-9 Dec.), 86(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract H33B-1385
Panyushkina, I.P., Leavitt, S.W., Lange, T.,
Schneider, A.F., 2005, Tree-Ring Investigation of an in situ Younger Dryas-Age Spruce Forest
in the Great Lakes Region of N. America, AGU Fall
Meeting (5-9 Dec.), Eos Trans. AGU, 86(52), Fall Meet. Suppl.,
Abstract PP13A-1484.
Harold C. Fritts, Alex V. Shashkin, Debbie L.
Hemming, Steven W. Leavitt,William
Edward Wright, Geoff Downes, 2005 “Advances in process-based modelling
of the softwood cambium” IUFRO, "Connection between Forest
Resources and Wood Quality : Modelling Approaches and Simulation
software", Waiheke Island Resort, New Zealand, November 20-27, 2005.
2004
*Leavitt, S.W.,
“Tracing a d13C Pulse from Canopy to Growth Rings of a
Ponderosa Pine Tree near Tucson, Arizona”, Mini-Workshop on Pine Trees,
Weizmann Institute, Israel, 14March.
Benz, B.F., Leavitt, S.W., Eastoe, C., and Cheng, L., 2004. Prehistoric Maize
Evolution in Mexico. Society
for American Archaeology 69th Annual Meeting, Montreal, Québec, 31
March-4 April 2004.
*Leavitt, S.W., 2004.
Tree-Ring Isotope Rhythms: Climate and Dating from the Bands. AAAS Pacific
Division, 85th Annual
Meeting, Utah State University,
Logan, 13–17
June 2004, Symposium on
“Lords of the Rings: Dendrochronology Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow”.
Panyushkina,
I.P. and Leavitt, S.W.,
2004. High-resolution records of the Pleistocene-Holocene transition from
tree rings in central North America.
American Quaternary Association Biennial Meeting, Lawrence, Kansas,
26-28 June 2004.
*Leavitt, S.W., 2004.
Stable-carbon isotopes
in tree rings and the prospect that trees are increasing water-use efficiency
world-wide. Tree Rings and Climate: Sharpening the Focus, Tucson, Arizona, 6–9 April 2004
Van de Water,
P. K., Betancourt,
J.L., and Leavitt, S.W.,
2004. Distribution patterns and carbon
acquisition physiology of the C4 shrubs Atriplex spp. in the southwestern USA
across the last glacial-interglacial cycle. Geological Society
of America Ann. Meeting, Denver, CO, 2-7 November 2004.
*Leavitt, S.W.,
Panyushkina, I.P., and Lange, T.E., 2004. Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene forests
from the Great Lakes Region,
USA:
Preliminary radiocarbon and stable-isotope results. Geological Society of America Ann. Meeting,
Denver, CO, 2-7 November 2004.
Cheng, L., Leavitt, S.W., Kimball, B.A., Pinter
Jr., P.J., Ottman, M.J., Matthias, A.D., Wall, G.W., Brooks, T. J., Williams,
D.G., Thompson, T.L., 2004. Dynamics of labile and
recalcitrant soil carbon pools in a sorghum Free-Air CO2
Enrichment (FACE) agroecosystem. EOS
Trans. AGU, 85(47), Fall
Meeting Supplement, Abstract B13C-0242.
2003
Leavitt, S., Follett, R., Kimble, J. and
Pruessner, E., 2003. Paleoenvironmental inferences from d13C of soil organic carbon in 14C-dated
profiles in the U.S.
Great Plains. 18th International
Radiocarbon Conference, Wellington,
New Zealand,
1-5 September 2003.
*Leavitt, S.W., 2003. Stable-carbon
isotope inferences from the Maricopa FACE Experiments. ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual
Meeting, Denver, Colorado, 2-6 November.
Panyushkina,
I.P. and Leavitt, S.W., Tree-ring
investigation of the Younger Dryas in the U.S.
upper Midwest. XVI INQUA Congress, Reno, NV,
23-30 July.
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